We derive the axion-nucleon interaction Lagrangian in heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory up to next-to-next-to-leading order. The effective axion-nucleon coupling is calculated to a few percent accuracy.

We investigate the impact of the QCD vacuum at nonzero θ on the properties of light nuclei, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and stellar nucleosynthesis. Our analysis starts with a calculation of the θ-dependence of the neutron-proton mass difference and neutron decay using chiral perturbation theory. We then discuss the θ-dependence of the nucleon-nucleon interaction using a one-boson-exchange model and compute the properties of the two-nucleon system. Using the universal properties of four-component fermions at large scattering length, we then deduce the binding energies of the three-nucleon and four-nucleon systems. Based on these results, we discuss the implications for primordial abundances of light nuclei, the production of nuclei in stellar environments, and implications for an anthropic view of the universe.

At low energies, the strong interaction is governed by the Goldstone bosons associated with the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, which can be systematically described by chiral perturbation theory. In this paper, we apply this theory to study the θ-vacuum energy density and hence the QCD axion potential up to next-to-leading order with N non-degenerate quark masses. By setting N = 3, we then derive the axion mass, self-coupling, topological susceptibility and the normalized fourth cumulant both analytically and numerically, taking the strong isospin breaking effects into account. In addition, the model-independent part of the axion-photon coupling, which is important for axion search experiments, is also extracted from the chiral Lagrangian supplemented with the anomalous terms up to O(p 6).

We investigate the phase shifts of low-energy α-α scattering under variations of the fundamental parameters of the Standard Model, namely the light quark mass, the electromagnetic fine-structure constant as well as the QCD θ-angle. As a first step, we recalculate α-α scattering in our Universe utilizing various improvements in the adiabatic projection method, which leads to an improved, parameter-free prediction of the S- and D-wave phase shifts for laboratory energies below 10 MeV. We find that positive shifts in the pion mass have a small effect on the S-wave phase shift, whereas lowering the pion mass adds some repulsion in the two-alpha system. The effect on the D-wave phase shift turns out to be more pronounced as signaled by the D-wave resonance parameters. Variations of the fine-structure constant have almost no effect on the low-energy α-α phase shifts. We further show that up-to-and-including next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion, variations of these phase shifts with respect to the QCD θ-angle can be expressed in terms of the θ-dependent pion mass.

This paper addresses two aspects concerning the θ-vacuum of Quantum Chromodynamics. First, large-N c chiral perturbation theory is used to calculate the first two non-trivial cumulants of the distribution of the winding number, i. e. the topological susceptibility, χ top , and the fourth cumulant, c 4 , up to next-to-leading order. Their large-N c scaling is discussed, and compared to lattice results. It is found that χ top = O(N 0 c ), as known before, and c 4 = O(N −3 c ), correcting the assumption of O(N −2 c ) in the literature. Second, we discuss the properties of QCD at θ ∼ π using chiral perturbation theory for the case of 2 + 1 light flavors, i. e. by taking the strange quark mass heavier than the degenerate up and down quark masses. It is shown that -in accordance with previous findings for N f = 2 and N f = 3 mass-degenerate flavors -in the region θ ∼ π two vacuum states coexist, which become degenerate at θ = π. The wall tension of the energy barrier between these degenerate vacua is determined as well as the decay rate of a false vacuum.