This paper introduces and describes an innovative modelling approach which utilises models that are synthesised through approximate calculations of user actions and extensive representation of knowledge about how to perform these actions. The Intention modelling approach is based on theories of cognitive and task modelling as well as on theories of intention, rational action and plan recognition. Intention Models (IMs) have been used in the detection of malicious attacks which usually do not consist of illegal actions, but of a set of actions individually acceptable to the system which at a higher level may form non acceptable task(s). A first effort at implementing these models for a real application was for the creation of the UII system, a research prototype for the detection of anomalous behaviour of network users obtained by reasoning about the characterisation of their intentions. It was developed as an autonomous module within SECURENET, a European funded programme that aims at defending open computer systems, employing advanced techniques and methodologies.
a b s t r a c tThis paper attempts to provide the basis for a broader naturalized account of agency. Naturalization is considered as the need for an ongoing and open-ended process of scientific inquiry driven by the continuous formulation of questions regarding a phenomenon. The naturalization of agency is focused around the interrelation of the fundamental notions of autonomy, functionality, intentionality and meaning. Certain naturalized frameworks of agency are critically considered in an attempt to bring together all the characteristic properties that constitute an autonomous agent, as well as to indicate the shaping of these notions/properties during the development and the evolution of its agential capacity. Autonomy and interaction are proved to be key concepts in this endeavor.
This article presents an evaluation of web-based, asynchronous e-learning in academic education, reflecting on its adoption and use in conjunction to teaching in the classroom. The principal aim of the study was to identify the implications of asynchronous e-learning to (a) students' and teachers' overall satisfaction and perceived performance, (b) the organization and management of learning, and (c) social interaction and collaboration between/among students and teachers. The results provide insights for important interaction design and development issues in e-learning such as note-taking and annotations on e-learning content, student comprehension and satisfaction, skipping courses, cost-effective educational and time management, social awareness, collaboration, "flaming," and "border-crossing." The study reports on issues that need to be considered by human-computer interaction researchers, interaction design practitioners, and usability professionals and are complementary to usability and accessibility work in e-learning evaluation studies.
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