The crosswise bonding of the layers in laminated solid wood panels results in internal stresses when the humidity varies. The layers hinder one another as a result of the anisotropy of wood. The purpose of this study was to determine the internal stress state in free and constrained swelling. The expansion properties in the three panel directions were measured. Furthermore, the swelling of samples was constrained while the resulting forces were recorded. Hygroscopic warping experiments were carried out inducing a climate gradient within the panels. Afterwards the stresses were calculated from released deformations and non-destructive measurements of the Young's modulus. The materials used were untreated and heattreated beech wood, the latter modified in two levels. In addition to homogenously structured panels, treated top layers were combined with an untreated middle layer. Swelling, swelling pressure, warping and internal stresses considerably decreased from untreated to treated wood. If layers from treated and untreated material were combined, stresses and deformations increased as compared to the variants produced only from treated wood. It was concluded that the lower equilibrium moisture content of heat-treated beech wood improves its dimensional stability, which results in smaller deformation differences between the layers. Hence, the stresses were less distinctive.

For robotic fabrication of wooden structures, the simple, quick and tight joining of elements can be solved using swelling hardwood dowels. This topic has been the focus of the present study, and the set-recovery capacity of densified wood (dW) as dowel material was investigated. European beech was compressed in the radial direction at 103°C and 10% moisture content (MC) to a compression ratio of 40%. Multiple swelling and shrinkage cycles were applied to measure swelling behavior, swelling pressure development and combined swelling and creep under compressive loading. It has been demonstrated that dW shows increased swelling and more persisting swelling pressures than native wood (nW). The set-recovery prevents significant contact-stress relaxation over multiple cycles of MC change. Application as a structural joining element for robotic fabrication was studied by shear lap joint tests on round double-dovetail swelling dowels.

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An ausgewählten Holzwerkstoffen (Buchenfurnier, MDF‐ und Spanplatten) wurde der Einfluss des Einbringens von Hohlräumen auf die Wärmeleitfähigkeit untersucht. Für die Versuche wurden die Platten in mehreren Lagen geschichtet (Lagendicke je nach Material 2,7 bis 5 mm) und die Aufbauten variiert, wobei Platten mit und ohne Hohlräume verwendet wurden. Um den Einfluss der Wärmestrahlung in den Hohlräumen zu untersuchen, wurden zusätzlich Aluminiumfolien (geringer Emissionsgrad) eingelegt. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass durch das Einbringen von Hohlräumen (Volumenanteil ca. 46 %) eine Reduzierung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit um bis zu 51 % erreicht wird. Ein zusätzliches Einlegen von Aluminiumfolie quer zur Wärmestromrichtung reduziert die Wärmeleitfähigkeitswerte nochmals wesentlich (bis zu 64 %) aufgrund der stark reduzierten Wärmestrahlung in den Hohlräumen. Dies ist besonders ausgeprägt bei den Aufbauten mit größeren Hohlraumdicken. Um das Potential des Anbringens von Hohlräumen im Holzbauwesen zu nutzen, wurde ein Vorschlag für ein neues Produkt auf Holzbasis präsentiert.Influence of the air cavities on thermal conductivity of selected wood based materials and their application for building industry. On selected wood‐based materials (beech veneer, MDF and particle board), the influence of inserting air cavities on the thermal conductivity was investigated. For the tests, the particular boards (board thickness: 2.7 to 5 mm according to the material) were layered in multiple layers by varying the assemblies and using boards with and without cavities. Additionally, aluminium foils (low emissivity) were inserted to investigate the influence of heat radiation in the cavities. It can be stated that inserting air cavities (approximately 46 % of core material) results in a reduction of thermal conductivity up to 51 %. An additional insertion of aluminium foils perpendicular to the direction of heat flow reduces the thermal conductivity once more significantly (up to 64 %) due to a strong reduced heat radiation within the cavities. This is particularly pronounced in the constructions with larger air cavity thicknesses. Additionally, a proposal of a new product based on wood has been presented to develop the potential of inserting cavities for timber construction.

An Klebverbindungen werden im Konstruktiven Holzbau hohe Anforderungen hinsichtlich Güte und Dauerhaftigkeit gestellt. Mit 1‐K PUR, MUF und PRF verklebte Lamellen aus Rotbuche und Fichte wurden einer Freibewitterung, einer künstlichen Bewitterung und einem feucht‐trocken Wechselklima ausgesetzt. Nach einer abgestuften Behandlungsdauer wurden die Zugscherfestigkeit sowie die Schalllaufzeit senkrecht zur Klebfuge und die Eigenfrequenz bei Biegeschwingungen bestimmt. Ergänzend wurde die Delaminierungsbeständigkeit an Brettschichtholz aus Fichte nach DIN EN 302‐2 durchgeführt. Im untersuchten Behandlungszeitraum wurde bei allen Proben keine erkennbare Delaminierung festgestellt. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen Behandlungsdauer und Zugscherfestigkeit konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Ebenso bestand keine gesicherte Korrelation zwischen der Zugscherfestigkeit und der Schalllaufzeit sowie der Eigenfrequenz.Investigations on the failure of bond lines under long‐term climatic stress. With 1‐K PUR, MUF and PRF parallel to the grain glued lamellas of spruce and beech were exposed to different climatic loads (natural and artificial weathering, controlled alternating moist‐dry climate). All adhesives are approved for use in timber construction. After shortening the weathering duration running time of ultrasonic, vertical to the bonding layer and tensile shear strength were measured. In addition, delamination tests of glued spruce wood were carried out according to DIN EN 302‐2. Investigation of the samples after the test period revealed no signs of delamination. No correlation was verified between the number of cycles and tensile shear strength and NDT methods.