The interference screw and the Rigidfix fixation demonstrated inferior fixation biomechanics compared to the Bio-Transfix and the Endobutton techniques.

Female athletes after menarche increase their quadriceps strength greater than their hamstring strength, putting them at risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Anterior cruciate ligament-prevention programs based on improving dynamic control of the knee by emphasizing hamstring strengthening should be instituted for girls after menarche.

Significant differences were found between the intrinsic material properties of the patellar cartilage and those of the femoral-trochlear cartilage. This variability of cartilage material properties with the patellofemoral joint may help explain why patellar cartilage has been frequently observed clinically to exhibit earlier and more severe fibrillation changes than the opposing femoral cartilage.

Many clinical studies have emphasized the role of the hamstrings and the iliotibial band on knee mechanics, although few biomechanical studies have investigated it. This study therefore examined two hypotheses: (a) with loading of the hamstrings, the tibia translates posteriorly and rotates externally and the tibial contact pattern shifts anteriorly; furthermore, the changes in tibial kinematics alter patellar kinematics and contact; and (b) loading the iliotibial band alters the kinematics and contact pattern of the tibiofemoral joint similarly to loading the hamstrings, and loading the iliotibial band laterally translates the patella and its contact location. Five cadaveric knee specimens were tested with a specially designed knee-joint testing machine in an open-chain configuration. At various flexion angles, the knees were tested always with a quadriceps force but with and without a hamstrings force and with and without an iliotibial band force. The results support the first hypothesis. Hence, the hamstrings may be important anterior and rotational stabilizers of the tibia, a role similar to that of the anterior cruciate ligament. The results also support the second hypothesis, although the iliotibial band force had a smaller effect on the tibia than did the hamstrings force. Both forces also changed patellar kinematics and contact, demonstrating that these structures should also be considered during the clinical management of patellar disorders.

Double-bundle reconstructions achieve more physiologic knee function.

No abstract

Further prospective studies are needed to determine whether hip labral repair outperforms partial labral resection and/or reconstruction in clinical practice.

No abstract