The theory of fuzzy logic is based on the notion of relative graded membership, as inspired by the processes of human perception and cognition. Lotfi A. Zadeh published his first famous research paper on fuzzy sets in 1965. Fuzzy logic can deal with information arising from computational perception and cognition, that is, uncertain, imprecise, vague, partially true, or without sharp boundaries. Fuzzy logic allows for the inclusion of vague human assessments in computing problems. Also, it provides an effective means for conflict resolution of multiple criteria and better assessment of options. New computing methods based on fuzzy logic can be used in the development of intelligent systems for decision making, identification, pattern recognition, optimization, and control.Fuzzy logic is extremely useful for many people involved in research and development including engineers
It is demonstrated that collective spin waves (SWs) propagating in complex periodic arrays of dipolarly coupled magnetic nanopillars existing in a saturated (single-domain) ground state in a zero bias magnetic field could be nonreciprocal. To guarantee the SW nonreciprocity, two conditions should be fulfilled: (i) existence of a nonzero out-of-plane component of the pillars' static magnetization and (ii) a complex periodicity of array's ground state with at least two elements per a primitive cell, if the elements are different, and at least three elements per a primitive cell, if the elements are identical.
Operation of a spin-torque microwave detector (STMD) in a weak perpendicular bias magnetic field has been studied theoretically. It is shown that in this geometry a novel dynamical regime of STMD operation, characterized by large-angle out-of-plane magnetization precession, can be realized. The excitation of the large-angle precession has threshold character and is possible only for input microwave currents exceeding a certain frequency-dependent critical value. The output voltage of an STMD increases with the frequency of the input signal but is virtually independent of its power. An STMD working in the regime of large-amplitude out-of-plane precession functions as a non-resonant threshold detector of low frequency microwave signals, due to the large nonlinear shift of its operating frequency. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for applications in microwave energy harvesting.
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