Biomass sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a very promising renewable source to produce energy obtained by cogeneration and fermentation processes. However, some aspects of the fertilizer management for this crop should be better understood. This study aimed to determine the accumulation progress of dry matter and macro and micronutrients in phenological stages of the biomass sorghum (Palo Alto 2562) crop, as well as to establish the accumulation order. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design, with four replicates. In order to determine the dry matter and nutrient accumulation curves, the plants were sampled in nine phenological stages (V1, V3, V5, V7, V9, V11, booting, flowering and harvest). Dry matter and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn accumulations were analyzed. The maximum dry matter accumulation was 24,853 kg ha-1. K was the nutrient absorbed in the highest amount (447 kg ha-1), what demonstrates the high capacity of the plant to absorb this nutrient. N was the second most accumulated nutrient by the plant (289 kg ha-1) and its absorption pattern suggests that it should be supplied up to the V7 stage. It was also possible to conclude that the order of extraction and accumulation of macro and micronutrients for the biomass sorghum crops is: K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu.
This study aimed to evaluate the residual effect of phosphorus sources and application techniques in the intercropping of forages during off-season crops. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4 × 2 + 1 factorial, being four sources of phosphorus [Bayóvar Reactive Phosphate (BRP), Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP), Simple Superphosphate (SS) and Triple Superphosphate (TS)], two application techniques (broadcasting and on rows) and an additional without phosphorus. The experiment was conducted during the off-season crop. The residual effect of phosphorus fertilization increased the growth and the production of biomass of forage sorghum regarding broadcast SS and TS sources. The lowest P contents in the tissue of plants fertilized with SS and TS may be attributed to the diluting effect, as it achieved the highest production of biomass. The application of TS favored a greater dry matter production in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã. At the depth 0.00-0.05 m, there was a higher P content with the application of BRP. However, the production of biomass was low, a factor that may be related to an overestimation of P bound to Ca by the Mehlich-1 extractor. Under cultivation conditions, broadcast SS and TS had a higher residual effect.
The measures of precipitation and evapotranspiration can be realized by means of meteorological predictors or by meteorological satellites. Both types have advantages and disadvantages. Emission is one of the most important climatic parameters for a region’s socioeconomic and environmental formation, while evapotranspiration is more important for global and local climate mediators. The objective of this work was to analyze the comparative form of the rainfall satellite data through the TRMM and evapotranspiration satellite, by the MODIS satellite, with surface data, that is, of meteorological demarcations, distributed in the State of Goiás, in the years of 2012 and 2013. The monthly measurements were taken in meteorological stations (automatic and conventional), distributed and representative in the State of Goiás. Data collection of the stations was done through the INMET website. The data of the TRMM satellite were obtained from the LAPIG-MAPS platform, developed by the Laboratory of Image Processing and Geoprocessing of the Federal University of Goiás (LAPIG/UFG), for the generation of the quarterly maps for the year 2012 and 2013. The high regression between the data of the surface meteorological stations and the data of TRMM satellite for the year of 2012 and 2013 allows to affirm a high reliability to the orbital data. The evapotranspiration data present low correlation between satellite data (MOD16) and surface stations. Still, this information evidences high potentiality and availability of information in large spatial and temporal scale.
Biomass sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] is a promising option for the supply of dedicated biomass for energy cogeneration in Brazil. However, it is still necessary to better understand gaps around the nutrient requirement and fertilization management, especially for modern materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) doses on dry matter (DM) and nutrient accumulation in a modern hybrid of biomass sorghum cultivated in an Oxisol. For that, two separate trials were carried out with the hybrid Palo Alto 2562, grown in 2015/16 summer season in the central-western region of Brazil. Both trials were carried out in a randomized block design with four replicates and five doses: 0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg ha-1 (of N or K). The hybrid Palo Alto 2562 responded positively to N fertilization. The DM production and N accumulation hybrid of Palo Alto 2562 was increased as N fertilization added, reaching, respectively, values of 24.6 Mg ha-1 and 206 kg ha-1 at dose of 280 kg ha-1 N. Also, in order to avoid depletion of N levels in the soil we required a fertilization of at least 140 kg ha-1 N. The Palo Alto 2562 hybrid has a high absorption capacity of K, which is the most absorbed nutrient by the plant, reaching values of 316 kg ha-1. However, in this study due to high levels of K in the soil and high K saturation in CEC, the K fertilization may be not necessary to produce sorghum biomass.
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