This study examined on-field antisocial sports behaviors among 274 American football players in the United States. Results indicated that moral atmosphere (i.e., teammate, coach influence) and conformity to masculine norms were significantly related to participants' moral behavior on the field (i.e., intimidate, risk injury, cheat, intentionally injure opponents). In other words, the perception that coaches and teammates condone on-field antisocial behaviors-in addition to conforming to societal expectations of traditional masculinity-is related to higher levels of antisocial behaviors on the football field. In addition, conformity to traditional masculine norms mediated the relationship between moral atmosphere and on-field aggressive sports behaviors, suggesting a relationship between social norms and moral atmosphere. Results of this interdisciplinary endeavor are interpreted and situated within the extant literature of both the fields of sport psychology and the psychological study of men and masculinity. Sport psychologists can use results to design interventions that incorporate moral atmosphere and conformity to masculine norms in an effort to decrease aggressive sports behaviors in the violent sport of football.An abundance of researchers have investigated antisocial sports behaviors on the fields of play, often examining these behaviors within the context of moral functioning (e.g., Coulumb

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For many years, social research on sport has examined the nature of violence against women by athletes. In recent years, the issue has been exposed as a critical one to which the communities of colleges and universities devote time and resources to address. College administrators and athletic department representatives have started, with increasing frequency, to work with student athletes to raise awareness, change cultural attitudes, and create safe environments for all students and staff on campus.

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