Due to a rapidly changing business environment, companies feel under constant pressure to innovate. In response to this challenge, and to accelerate their digital innovation endeavours, many incumbent firms set up Digital Innovation Units. To assess the effectiveness of these units, scholars and practitioners have called for the need to develop adequate means of measuring performance. This paper, therefore, reviews the literature on Performance Measurement Systems for Digital Innovation Units, and derives nine requirements. Conducting five case studies of Digital Innovation Units, we investigate the level of adoption of these requirements and propose three additional ones for a Performance Measurement System for innovation activities in Digital Innovation Units. We discuss these requirements and explain the reasons for their different levels of adoption. Thus, we contribute to literature and practice with a more adequate way of evaluating the performance of Digital Innovation Units, valuable to researchers and managers.

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As more and more organizations reach the limits of their internal capabilities to deal with the challenges induced by digital transformation, they are increasingly forced to seek external digitalization opportunities. In particular, small and medium enterprises are affected by this due to their limited human and financial resources. Currently, there is a lack of overview of options considering limited internal digital capabilities and resources. Thus, we choose an action design research approach to develop an external digitalization activity navigator. As a result, we derive five design principles for successful navigation and 30 activities, which are presented as design pattern cards. Our work can help practitioners and scholars alike to structure external digitalization activities.

Although the nexus of Design Thinking (DT) and corporate entrepreneurship being heralded as promising, the concrete compositional architecture of how DT manifests in practice has received limited scholarly attention. Drawing on the argument that DT can facilitate intrapreneurial innovation by enabling effective cognition, we developed a multidimensional assessment model that measures DT for intrapreneurial innovation in an organizational context and applied it via an online survey to 547 organizations of different sizes and industries. An analysis of the dimensional and sub-dimensional values obtained from the quantitative survey data in general, and concerning industry and firm size types in detail, enriches our understanding of DT's manifestation in practice. We provide practitioners with a useful tool to assess, benchmark, plan, analyze, and communicate the use of DT for intrapreneurial innovation, and guide future DT and entrepreneurship researchers seeking practitionerrelevant insights with nine propositions derived from our observations.