A B S T R A C T In vitro experiments of small intestinal mucosal function and metabolism utilizing excised tissue have been limited to a few hours by rapid epithelial cell necrosis which occurs with current incubation methods. We describe a method for culturing human mucosal biopsies for up to 24 hr employing organ culture methodology and demonstrate its potential application to studies of mucosal function. Peroral biopsies were placed in organ culture plates and maintained with modified Trowell's medium in 95% 0-5% C02 at 370C for 6-24 hr. To study cell proliferation, 2 uc of thymidine-'H was added per ml of medium. To
This document represents a consensus statement dealing with optimum patient care in a significant clinical area. The statement has been prepared by the Patient Care Committee of the American Gastroenterological Association with the advice of other experts and with peer review. As with all such guidelines, this should be interpreted in a nondogmatic manner, so as not to exclude other therapies or opinions in any particular situation. Based on present knowledge, limited at times, future modifications or other changes in this statement may be necessary.
Prolonged and repeated exposure to sublethal doses of total body irradiation induce significant morphologic changes in the mucosa of the small intestine of laboratory animals. These changes include decreased mitosis in the intestinal crypts, necrosis of crypt epithelial cells, and decreased height of crypts and villi (2-5).In man, submucosal fibrosis (6, 7) and mucosal and submucosal lymphangiectasia (8) have been noted together with gastrointestinal malabsorption
COVIDTrach is a UK multidisciplinary collaborative project that aims to evaluate the outcomes of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients. It also examines the implementation of national guidance in COVID-19 tracheostomies and the incidence of COVID-19 infections amongst those health care workers involved in the procedure.
An invitation to participate in an online survey tool (REDCap) was disseminated to all UK NHS departments involved in tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients via the Federation of Surgical Specialty Associations, it's subsidiary organisations and the Intensive Care Society. To date 78 hospitals have submitted 564 COVID-19 tracheostomy cases.
Fifty-two percent (n=219/465) of patients who had undergone tracheostomy and were still alive, had been successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation at the point of completing the survey. The all cause in-hospital mortality following tracheostomy was 12% (n=62/530), with 3% of these (n=2/62) due to tracheostomy related complications and the remaining deaths due to COVID-19 related complications. Amongst 400 cases submitting data two weeks after the tracheostomy, no instance of COVID-19 infection amongst operators was recorded. FFP3 masks or Powered Air Purifying Respirators were used by operators in 100% of tracheostomies and a face visor or hood with face shield was available in 99% of cases.
This interim report highlights early outcomes following tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. Future reporting from COVIDTrach will include more detailed analysis at later timepoints using comparator groups in order to provide a more comprehensive assessment of tracheostomy in COVID-19.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.