Background and purpose The use of metal implants in large defects caused by spinal infection to support the anterior column is controversial, and relatively few results have been published to date. Despite the fact that there is bacterial adhesion to metal implants, the strong immunity of the highly vascularized spine because of rich muscle covering is unique. This possibly allows the use of metal implants, which have the advantage of high stability and reduced loss of correction. This is a retrospective study of patients with spondylodiscitis treated with metal implants.Patients and methods We retrospectively analyzed the outcome in 22 consecutive patients (mean age 69 (43-82) years, 15 men) with spondylodiscitis (20 lumbar and 12 thoracic discs) who had received an anterior titanium cage implantation. In 13 cases, the pathogen could be identified. Antibiotic treatment was continued for at least 12 weeks postoperatively.Results The mean follow-up was 36 (32-47) months. Healing of inflammation was confirmed by clinical, radiographic, and laboratory parameters. The mean VAS improved from 9.1 (6-10) preoperatively to 2.6 (0-6) at the final follow-up, and the mean Oswestry disability index was 17 (0-76) at the final follow-up.Interpretation Our findings highlight the high healing rate and stability when titanium implants are used. Prerequisites are a radical debridement, correction of deformity, and additional bony fusion by bone grafting. The increased stability, with facilitated patient mobilization, and the relatively little loss of correction using anterior and posterior implants are of considerable
We introduce and analyze a side-channel attack on a straightforward implementation of the RSA key generation step. The attack exploits power information that allows to determine the number of the trial divisions for each prime candidate. Practical experiments are conducted, and countermeasures are proposed. For realistic parameters the success probability of our attack is in the order of 10-15 %.
Node mobility is one essential feature of mobile networks, especially for delay tolerant networks, where packet delivery is only possible through node movements. In mobile ad hoc networks, mobility adds new challenges to the protocol design. Therefore, realistic movement models are required to evaluate protocol performance. Usually, random node movement is considered for that but this kind of movement is not applicable for first responders in disaster scenarios. Their movements are driven by tactical mission requirements and highly depend on the type of disaster. In this paper, we analyze two different movement scenarios to derive common features as well as differences and present how to use these results to generate generic and at the same time realistic movements for first responders.
In disaster scenarios, communication systems usu ally consist of heterogeneous nodes and damaged infrastructure.Communication is important for rescue teams and victims as well but a serious problem because normal network systems like wired or mobile radio Internet could be unreliable or simply not available. To deal with these problems, much effort has been spent to mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and their specialties. Customarily, nodes in such scenarios have limited resources especially regarding power. To save traffic, it is more efficient to exchange hashed names instead of full names during name resolution. In this paper, we show the impact of host name hashing on address resolution traffic in our name mapping framework based on adaptive routing.
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