The ultimate goal of the present study was to develop a secure, safe, and hygienic nipa sap collection system for bioethanol production, with the aim of preserving its physico-chemical properties such as physical appearance, pH and sugar brix by reducing the rate of fermentation while attached to the peduncle. The developed collection system was evaluated in terms of the physical and chemical properties of nipa sap collected and ethanol yield in comparison to the traditional and existing collection system used by the nipa community which utilizes bamboo shingle as their collector. Physical appearance of the sap collected using the designed collection system had no foreign materials after harvesting while the traditional collection system had shown traces of insect infestation. The sap that was produced for both of the designed and traditional collection system was milky-white and yellowish-white in color respectively. There was a significant difference in terms of pH concentration of the sap collected using the designed collection system compared to the sap collected using the traditional system overtime. Sugar brix of nipa sap collected using designed collection system is significantly higher than the sap collected using traditional system. A total ethanol yield of 32.25% and 75.54% was obtained for the designed and traditional collection system respectively. Cost Analysis revealed that the designed collection system was found to be cheaper (PhP 11.93) than the traditional collection system (PhP. 20.00). The developed closed collection system can preserved the chemical properties of the nipa sap and could prevent acceleration of fermentation and the deterioration of its potential to yield more ethanol.

The study developed a Zero Fossil Fuel Distiller (ZFFD) to address environmental issues on bioethanol production from Nipa Sap. The Mariano Marcos State University had developed a distiller that can produce 95% fuel grade bioethanol powered by fuelwood. While burning woods provides a good heat source, this activity’s byproducts are not good for the environment. The scarcity of fuelwood will also be a problem for bulk production. Hence, the development of a ZFFD integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for easy monitoring, control, and configuration. A 10 kWp Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic System with battery backup was designed to power a 150 L capacity distiller. The power system is capable of storing excess harnessed energy to a battery and a grid for future use, as well as managing and monitoring the inflow and outflow of electricity on-site or remotely via IoT. Results show an average harnessed energy of 47.11 kWh to supply a 33.99 kWh required energy to distill 133 L of feedstock daily. The excess energy of 13.12 kWh is stored in the grid for future use. The developed ZFFD shows an improved regulation of the Kettle temperature, Column temperature, and Cooling System water flow.

Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU) started the Bioethanol industry way back in 2008 and produced the first fuel-grade Hydrous Ethanol (95%) in the Philippines in 2012. Developments continued until the team developed Village-scale fuelwood fired 150 L and 850 L capacity Multi-Feedstock Bioethanol Distiller. Recently, the Village-Scale Bioethanol Industry established in Pamplona, Cagayan, produced more than 4000 L of 95% Ethanol from Nipa Sap last year. The output of the team was remarkable. Challenges encountered in monitoring operation protocols resulted in low efficiency, mainly because the distillers are situated about 4 hrs away from the University. With a low ethanol yield of 5-6 percent during the production last year, the team was challenged to develop a Remote Monitoring and Control System for the Distillers deployed in Cagayan. This study aims to automate the Bioethanol distiller to increase the yield of ethanol. Implementing IoT via web application for real-time monitoring and control, and integrating Photovoltaic cells for an energy self-sufficient Bioethanol Distiller. Results showed that it is functional and effective in controlling the kettle temperature, water pump, and the Bioethanol distiller’s energy usage wirelessly and remotely through the MMSU i4.0 platform. It was observed that the ethanol yield is up to 8.39%. Furthermore, a better quality of the front and tail ethanol yield was achieved by implementing PID control.

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The ultimate goal of the present study was to develop a secure, safe, and hygienic nipa sap collection system for bioethanol production, with the aim of preserving its physico-chemical properties such as physical appearance, pH and sugar brix by reducing the rate of fermentation while attached to the peduncle. The developed collection system was evaluated in terms of the physical and chemical properties of nipa sap collected and ethanol yield in comparison to the traditional and existing collection system used by the nipa community which utilizes bamboo shingle as their collector. Physical appearance of the sap collected using the designed collection system had no foreign materials after harvesting while the traditional collection system had shown traces of insect infestation. The sap that was produced for both of the designed and traditional collection system was milky-white and yellowish-white in color respectively. There was a significant difference in terms of pH concentration of the sap collected using the designed collection system compared to the sap collected using the traditional system overtime. Sugar brix of nipa sap collected using designed collection system is significantly higher than the sap collected using traditional system. A total ethanol yield of 32.25% and 75.54% was obtained for the designed and traditional collection system respectively. Cost Analysis revealed that the designed collection system was found to be cheaper (PhP 11.93) than the traditional collection system (PhP. 20.00). The developed closed collection system can preserved the chemical properties of the nipa sap and could prevent acceleration of fermentation and the deterioration of its potential to yield more ethanol.

Sugar sap from Nipa (Nypa fruiticans) palm is one of the promising sustainable feedstocks for ethanol production. There are different stages and processes needed for the sap to produce ethanol particularly: collection, fermentation, and distillation. In order to produce high ethanol concentration and yield, each stage or process needs to be optimized and improved as such, this study optimized the flow rate and temperature of the cooling system of a 10 L full electric Reflux distiller for the production of a fuel grade (95%) bioethanol from nipa sap. The optimal power density for the 10 L full electric reflux distiller was also determined. Optimizing these parameters improved the concentration of the ethanol, ethanol yield and also decreased the operational cost of the 10 L full electric reflux distiller. First step was to determine the power density required for the 10 L Lab-Scale Distiller through experiment using different power density. After identifying the power density, multiple trials were performed with 2 protocols being the continuous method and recirculating method of the cooling system. Results showed that a flow rate of 0.77 L/min, a 27 °C cooling liquid temperature and a 100W/m3 power density were obtained. An increase of 154.2% in volume of consistent 95% concentration yield was observed. Also, there was a significant increase in the yield. Continuous method was faster by an average of 26 minutes compared to the recirculating method.

The ultimate goal of the present study was to develop a secure, safe, and hygienic nipa sap collection system for bioethanol production, with the aim of preserving its physico-chemical properties such as physical appearance, pH and sugar brix by reducing the rate of fermentation while attached to the peduncle. The developed collection system was evaluated in terms of the physical and chemical properties of nipa sap collected and ethanol yield in comparison to the traditional and existing collection system used by the nipa community which utilizes bamboo shingle as their collector. Physical appearance of the sap collected using the designed collection system had no foreign materials after harvesting while the traditional collection system had shown traces of insect infestation. The sap that was produced for both of the designed and traditional collection system was milky-white and yellowish-white in color respectively. There was a significant difference in terms of pH concentration of the sap collected using the designed collection system compared to the sap collected using the traditional system overtime. Sugar brix of nipa sap collected using designed collection system is significantly higher than the sap collected using traditional system. A total ethanol yield of 32.25% and 75.54% was obtained for the designed and traditional collection system respectively. Cost Analysis revealed that the designed collection system was found to be cheaper (PhP 11.93) than the traditional collection system (PhP. 20.00). The developed closed collection system can preserved the chemical properties of the nipa sap and could prevent acceleration of fermentation and the deterioration of its potential to yield more ethanol.