Background: Recent studies have shown that minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins (Mcm2-7) may be useful proliferation markers in dysplasia and cancer in various tissues. Aims: To investigate the use of Mcm7 as a proliferation marker in 79 lymph node negative prostate cancers and compare it with Ki-67, a commonly used cell proliferation marker. Methods: The percentage of proliferating cells (proliferation index; PI) was calculated for basal and luminal epithelial cells in benign prostate tissue, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and epithelial cells in adenocarcinoma. The PI for each biomarker was correlated with the preoperative prostate specific antigen concentration, the Gleason score, surgical resection margin status, and the AJCC pT stage for each patient. Results: The mean PIs for Ki-67 and Mcm7 were: benign luminal epithelium 0.7 and 1.2 and benign basal epithelium 0.8 and 8.2; PIN non-basal epithelium 4.9 and 10.6 and PIN basal epithelium 0.7 and 3.1; adenocarcinoma 9.8 and 22.7, respectively. Mcm7 had a significantly higher mean PI (p,0.0001) than Ki-67 for all cell categories except benign luminal epithelial cells. Mcm7 was a better discriminatory marker of proliferation between benign epithelium, PIN, and invasive adenocarcinoma (p,0.0001) than Ki-67. The drop in Mcm7 mean basal cell PI from benign epithelium to PIN epithelium was significantly larger than for Ki-67 (p,0.0001). Mcm7 had a significantly higher PI than Ki-67 at each risk level. Conclusion: Mcm7 may be a useful proliferation marker in prostatic neoplasia and warrants further evaluation as a complementary tool in the diagnosis of PIN and prostate carcinoma.
NASH is a common co-morbidity of obesity and requires systemized grading and staging to develop accurate knowledge of the incidence, severity, natural history and impact of weight loss.
Biopsy specimens from the terminal ileum of 32 patients with the histopathological diagnosis of lymphocytic colitis or collagenous colitis and 11 control individuals were evaluated for the presence or absence of ileal mucosal abnormalities and for the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes, assessed by immunohistochemical stains for the pan T-cell marker, CD3. We found that the mean CD3 counts in patients with lymphocytic/collagenous colitis were significantly higher than those in the control group. Seven of 14 patients with collagenous colitis and 14 of 18 patients with lymphocytic colitis revealed an increase in intraepithelial T lymphocytes when compared with the control group (P ؍ .001). Other notable changes included ileal villous atrophy in one case of lymphocytic colitis and in three cases of collagenous colitis and epithelial damage with thickened subepithelial collagen in two cases of collagenous colitis.
Sarcocystis spp. are parasitic protists acquired when undercooked, cyst-laden meat is consumed. While both Sarcocystis hominis and S. cruzi encyst in beef, only S. hominis is pathogenic to humans. In this study, we used histological methods and novel molecular techniques to determine the regional prevalence and identity of Sarcocystis spp. in retail beef. Of 110 samples, 60 supported amplification of parasite rRNA by PCR. All 41 sequenced representatives were identified as S. cruzi. To compare detection methods, 48 samples were then examined in parallel by histology and PCR, and 16 and 26 samples, respectively, were positive. Five samples positive by initial histologic sections were not amplified by PCR. Fifteen PCR-positive samples did not contain sarcocysts on initial histologic section, but additional sections from these samples revealed sarcocysts in an additional 12 samples. When combined, histology with additional sections and PCR detected 31 positive specimens of the 48 total specimens. We found no evidence of human pathogen S. hominis and confirm that cattle pathogen S. cruzi is highly prevalent in this regional sample. PCR assays may increase the detection sensitivity of Sarcocystis spp. and contribute diagnostic precision.
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