Abstract:To transition towards sustainability and increase low-impact transportation, city planners are integrating bicycle infrastructure in urban landscapes. Yet, this infrastructure only promotes cycling according to how well it is sited within a specific city. How to best site bicycle facilities is essential for sustainability planning. We review approaches to assessing and siting new bicycle facilities. Following sustainability science, we argue that active cyclists should be consulted to incorporate users' site-specific knowledge into bicycle infrastructure assessments. We then pilot an approach that surveys cyclists concerning level of stress along routes ridden in St. Louis, MO, USA. Among the active cyclists surveyed (n = 89), we found stress correlates with speed limit, roadway classification, and number of lanes. Although cyclists surveyed in St. Louis prefer roads with bike lanes over roads with sharrows or no infrastructure, the presence of bicycle infrastructure had no correlation with reported levels of stress. The piloted survey and spatial analytic tool are transferable to other localities. For planners, the maps generated by this participant data approach identify high-stress routes as targets of new infrastructure or information to direct cyclists to safer routes. For bicyclists, the maps generated identify low-stress routes for recreation and commuting.

To investigate the influence of monetary incentive and cooperation/competition instructions upon performance in a minimal social situation, pairs of Ss were interconnected so that the button-pressing responses of S1 provided positive or negative rewards to S2, and vice versa. Competing Ss were told to make more points than the opponent. Cooperating Ss were told to make as high a combined score as possible. Ss were offered a monetary incentive for the highest score or no incentive. Analyses indicated more correct responses for cooperating Ss and no significant monetary incentive effects.

A call for projects to be published in a newsletter.

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THE objects for which The Sanitary Institute has been established have been so frequently and lucidly set forth in addresses, delivered from time to time at these Coubresses and published in our Transactions, that this aspect of the duties devolving upon the Chairman of Council may be briefly disposed of. The Institute is making rapid strides in its development, and the good work done by it in spreading abroad sound views on the principles, and practical knowledge regarding the details of domestic and personal hygiene, is now generally acknowledged. There is still much to be done, however, before the public at large can be brought to see the enormous waste in money, and the suffering and privation entailed upon the people, and most of all upon the poor, by the prevalence of preventible disease. Why is this so ~ # Why should a people, conspicuous for many of the best qualities which contribute to a nation's success, still fall far short of domestic virtues which were successfully cultivated in the infancy of the human race ? # Canon I~no1-Lit.tle lays stress on the fact that there are certain qualities and endowments which are peculiarly the heritage uf our race, and which were conspicuous in those northern hordes who contributed so largely to overthrow the Roman Empire. Their sources of strength were truthfulness, plainness and simplicity of life, a strong sense of justice, impatience of affectation and pretence, dislil;e of exaggeration, and contempt for all forms of sl~am. ~~ They valued the virtues of purity; the virtues which lead men to respect their own souls and bodies, and therefore the bodies and souls of others; which make friendship noble and enduring, and love ennobling and' strong; which feed the fire of true affection between friend and friend, between lover and lover, between child and parent, and parent and child ; out of which have been created tlose ~ schools of goodness '-English homes.&dquo;