Soybean cultivars are generally adapted within a narrow north‐south geographical zone for full‐season growth due primarily to photoperiod response. The areas of adaptation were empirically defined more than three decades ago and re‐examination is needed. The accuracy of adaptation area determination can be improved by utilizing updated information, including changes in production practices and new technologies. The objective of this paper was to use current soybean yield data from experiments conducted across soybean producing states in the US to develop optimum zones of adaptation for soybean maturity groups (MGs) in the continental US. Data from state soybean variety trials conducted in 1998‐2003 were obtained from 139 locations, and were used to create regional adaptation map using ArcGIS. The MG 0 cultivars are adapted best to the region north of latitude 46°N, whereas succeeding groups are adapted further south. Each of the MGs 0 to III is adapted best within approximately two degrees latitude covering an area equivalent to 220 km wide from north to south. The zones of adaptation for MGs IV, V, and VI are wider than those for the earlier maturing cultivars. Overall, the regions of adaptation for the early‐maturing cultivars (MG 0 to III) have not changed; however, the adapted zones for MGs IV, V, and VI are much broader than previously thought. Groups VII and VIII, which dominated production areas in the South decades ago are now planted on a limited basis.
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The nests of some mound-building ants are thought to serve an important function as passive solar collectors. To test this hypothesis, imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren, S. richteri Forel, and their hybrid) mound shape characteristics (south facing slope angle and area, mound height, and basal elongation in the plane of the ground) were quantified in 2005 and 2006 at a number of locations from approximately 30 degrees 25' N (Long Beach, MS) to 35 degrees 3' N (Fayetteville, TN). Insolation (w*h/m2), maximum sun angle (sun elevation in degrees above the horizon at noon, dependent on date and latitude), cumulative rainfall (7 and 30 d before sampling), and mean ambient temperature (7 d before sampling) for each site x date combination were used as predictive variables to explain mound shape characteristics. Steepness of south-facing mound slopes was negatively associated with maximum sun angle at higher temperatures, with predicted values falling from approximately 36 degrees at sun angle=40 degrees to 26 degrees at sun angle=70 degrees; at lower temperatures, slope remained relatively constant at 28 degrees. On average, mound height was negatively correlated with maximum sun angle. Rainfall had a net negative effect on mound height, but mound height increased slightly with maximum sun angle when rainfall was high. Mound elongation generally increased with increased mound building activity. Under favorable temperature conditions and average rainfall, imported fire ant mounds were tallest, most eccentric, and had the steepest south facing slopes during periods of low maximum sun angle. Mound shape characteristics are discussed with regard to season and their potential usefulness for remote sensing efforts.
A junior college curriculum was developed to meet the short-and long-term industry needs for an Advanced Agricultural Specialist. The curriculum consists of eight courses developed by both federal and state scientists at the Delta Research and Extension Center in Stoneville, MS. Courses developed for the program will be taught by state scientists beginning Fall Semester, 2002. In addition to their primary course, each course developer also assisted in developing the other The authors are solely responsible for the content of this technical presentation. The technical presentation does not necessarily reflect the official position of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE), and its printing and distribution does not constitute an endorsement of views which may be expressed. Technical presentations are not subject to the formal peer review process by ASAE editorial committees; therefore, they are not to be presented as refereed publications. Citation of this work should state that it is from an ASAE meeting paper. EXAMPLE: Author's Last Name, Initials. 2002. Title of Presentation. ASAE Meeting Paper No. 02xxxx. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE. For information about securing permission to reprint or reproduce a technical presentation, please contact ASAE at hq@asae.org or 616-429-0300 (2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 USA). courses. This served to identify areas of overlap between courses and to identify where reenforcement of a topic might be needed. Because of the curriculum's applied nature, laboratory and field experiences were emphasized in course development, and labs will be conducted at the Stoneville experimental fields. By having the students on site at the Stoneville campus, these 2-year students will be exposed to substantially more research and actual crop production than is available in most programs of undergraduate study.
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