Human lymphocytes are known to play a critical role in autoimmune diseases both by producing antibodies and by participating in lymphokine-cellular interactions. TSH, a classic pituitary hormone, may be secreted by human lymphocytes, and controversy has existed whether a specific, authentic TSH receptor also was present on the surface of these cells. The objective of our study was to identify TSH receptor transcripts after designing specific oligonucleotides that would recognize a unique putative TSH binding area of the thyroidal TSH receptor. The existence of TSH receptor transcripts was probed by employing these primers in a PCR reaction with cDNA derived from normal peripheral human lymphocytes and human thyroid tissue, as well as with cDNA from a medullary cancer cell line and rat liver. Human lymphocytes and thyroid tissue, but not medullary cancer cells or rat liver, demonstrated specific TSH receptor amplification product both by ethidium bromide staining and by Southern blot hybridization with labeled TSH receptor cDNA. The lymphocyte cDNA was partially sequenced and found to be identical to the thyroid-derived cDNA. These findings indicate that normal, nonactivated, human lymphocytes produce transcript for a TSH receptor that appears identical to that in thyroid tissue. Future studies should focus on the regulation of this transcript, as well as on the role TSH and TSH receptor may play in modulating local lymphokine activation of T and B cells, both in normal conditions and in autoimmune thyroid disease.
This report describes: (1) The use of octreotide-LAR to treat both a TSH-secreting pituitary tumor and a gastrinoma over 12 months; (2) the importance of including these tumors into the MEN-1 syndrome with its attendant implications; and (3) a genetic defect, typical of patients with MEN-1, associated with this tumor.
The present paper describes a flow visualization study that focuses the development of a tip vortex on a rectangular NACA-66 hydrofoil. The experiments have been performed in a towing tank. Illumination with a thin laser sheet together with distribution of dye have been utilized as a means of observation. The results demonstrate the growth of the vortex along the chord, the increase in its dimensions with increasing incidence angle and decreasing Reynolds number. They also show that the center of the vortex moves inward towards the root with increasing incidence angle, increasing chordwise location, and decreasing velocity. Empirical relations for these trends have been computed. The observations also demonstrate that the flow around the tip is dominated by muliple vortex structures that include the primary vortex, a counter rotating structure, shear layer eddies, and several other secondary vortices.
Statistical analysis was determined using SPSS 15.0. Ghrelin levels was significantly increased in HD patients (4.55 7 2.34ng/ml (pre-HD), po 0.0001) than in CKD(2.32 7 1.32ng/ml) and Control (1.99 70.83ng/ ml),and declined after HD(2.27 7 1.12ng/ml, po 0.0001). In HD group, plasma ghrelin levels were negatively correlated with pre-albumin(PA, r¼-0.461,P ¼0.010). When all participants combined together, the plasma ghrelin levels was positively correlated with serum creatinine(r ¼0.426,P ¼0.0001) and urea nitrogen(r ¼0.366,P ¼0.003),but negatively correlated with e-GFR(r ¼-0.411,P ¼0.001), PA(r¼ -0.321s,P ¼0.009) and lymphocyte(r ¼ -0.417,P ¼0.0001). No relationship was showed between ghrelin and BMI, NRS2002 in HD group. In conclusion, total ghrelin levels was elevated in HD patients, and negatively correlated with pre-albumin, and negatively correlate with PA,lymphocyte in all participants. A future study with the stratification of HD patients according to their appetite and body composition may help to further evaluation.http://dx.
Thyroid disease in the elderly is common but often has an insidious onset with symptoms that mimic those of normal aging. Understanding the significance of thyroid function test results requires an appreciation of the normal physiologic variations of aging and the complicating effects of diseases and medications; only then can one accurately discriminate between various disease processes, order additional appropriate tests, and deliver rational management. The increasing prevalence of thyroid disorders with age, coupled with the current and future dramatic growth of the elderly population, demands that primary care providers be vigilant to the likelihood of thyroid disease and informed as to its most proper, expedient, and cost-effective diagnosis and management.
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