As the color revolutions have stalled and the challenge to democracy by authoritarianism has increased, it is essential to explore the potential of a new ''reverse wave'' which may create a greater balance between liberalism and autocracy. This article seeks to begin this process by outlining a framework of authoritarian diffusion. Two key diffusion dynamics are outlined: appropriateness, the impact of changes in the relative normative power of democracy/autocracy, and effectiveness, how the successes of authoritarian countries increase the chances that others will see them as role models. A number of contributing factors are also identified, which make these processes more or less likely. These include: geography, linkage, international organizations, great power prestige, and reference groups. If we are to understand the future strength of authoritarianism as a global or regional phenomenon, which affects, reinforces, and aggravates domestic conditions, then a new theoretical framework is necessary.
Efforts to enhance the quality of teaching and better engage undergraduate students have resulted in a noticeable shift toward active and problem-based learning techniques. This essay examines a multi-week, in-depth simulation designed for my upper-division international law course in which students assumed roles in a mock war crimes trial of former Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein. It seeks to accomplish three goals. First, I wish to provide ideas for those interested in moving away from lecture-oriented teaching techniques and toward a more interactive, hands-on experience for their students by outlining an example of a successful, undergraduate mock trial. Second, I hope to make the case that mock trial exercises are especially suited for the international law classroom. Finally, the essay provides practical advice to instructors by exploring a number of issues involved in designing, running, and assessing a mock trial.
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