Raman spectroscopy provides detailed information about the molecular structure of carotenoids. Advances in detector sensitivity and acquisition speed have driven the expansion of Raman spectroscopy from a bulk analytical tool to a powerful method for mapping carotenoid abundance in cells and tissues. In many applications, the technique is compatible with living organisms, providing highly speciic molecular structure information in intact cells and tissues with subcellular spatial resolution. This leads to spatial-temporalchemical resolution critical to understanding the complex processes in the life cycle of carotenoids and other biomolecules.