Community home-based care (CHBC) is a critical component of non-formal care in communities in Africa that have a high prevalence of HIV and tuberculosis (TB). Community carers consisting primarily of volunteers are critical role players in African healthcare systems and particularly in South Africa's strategy to fight HIV and AIDS. This paper explores the structural barriers volunteer caregivers need to overcome to provide quality CHBC. The researchers used two focus group discussions with key informants (each with four participants), and semi-structured interviews with six key informants to collect data relating to the meaning of quality CHBC. The data were coded using Tesch's data analysis technique. A major theme that emerged from the results was "Addressing structural challenges to improve the quality of CHBC". Subthemes underpinning this theme were: 1) lack of standardised training of volunteer caregivers; 2) the need for a scope of practice, parameters and legal boundaries; 3) lack of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of CHBC; and 4) the importance of mentoring and supervision in CHBC. CHBC policy should address the need for standardised training programmes for caregivers, so that they are equipped with multiple skills. Furthermore CHBC policy must emphasise mentoring as well as M&E to encourage quality care. Finally, the policy should provide a clear scope of practice for caregivers to regulate their competencies and boundaries.
Maternal response to Incest 51-56 This study explored the impact of the disclosure of sexual abuse of the daughter by the father or father figure on the mother. Data were collected from seven mothers aged between 31 and 48 years whose daughters had a history of sexual abuse by the biological father, stepfather or live-in boyfriend. The children's ages ranged between 5 and 11 years with disclosure having taken place in the last two years before data collection. Data were collected using an interview schedule. The results obtained from the thematic content analysis indicate that the mothers were traumatized by the disclosure of the sexual abuse. The most prevalent symptoms were anger, anxiety, guilty, depression, insomnia, headache and fatigue. It is recommended that mothers be provided with psychological intervention in order to assist them deal with the trauma associated with the disclosure of the father-daughter incest.
Previous research converges on demonstrating that benevolent sexism (BS) is socially approved, whereas hostile sexism (HS) is socially disapproved. We postulated that a sample of married women would be likely to report that their husbands express hostile sexist attitudes and engage in related actions towards them more in private than public contexts, where they lie concealed from public censure. By contrast, the women would report that their husbands would be likely to express benevolent sexist attitudes and engage in related actions more in public than private contexts, where they are reinforced not only by their target (i.e. wife), but also by significant others and the society at large. We tested these hypotheses with a sample of Black, heterosexually married Zimbabwean women (n = 109, mean age = 31.83). Results supported our hypotheses: the women reported hostile sexist attitudes and actions to be more likely to occur in private than public contexts; on the other hand, they reported benevolent sexist attitudes and actions to be more likely in public than private contexts. We conclude that differences in social approval of BS and HS account for these results.
The present study investigated students' perceptions and experiences of sexual harassment at the University of Transkei. Data were obtained from a sample of 827 students. It was found that students need more clarity on what constitutes sexual harassment. However, it was found that all forms of sexual harassment were prevalent and experienced on campus in varying degrees. Gender-related differences were found in the perceptions and experiences of sexual harassment.
Directions for future research on the relationship between locus of control-based interventions and HIV risk could focus on the development of locus of control-based HIV risk reduction interventions in South African universities.
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