Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative joint diseases in aging population. Obesity is an important risk factor for initiation and progression of OA. It is accepted that excess body weight may lead to cartilage degeneration by increasing the mechanical forces across weight-bearing joints. However, emerging data suggest that additional metabolic factors released mainly by white adipose tissue may also be responsible for the high prevalence of OA among obese people. Adipocyte-derived molecules ''adipokines'' have prompt much interest in OA pathophysiological research over the past decade since they play an important role in cartilage and bone homeostasis. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the role of adipokines including leptin, adiponectin, visfatin and resistin in OA and their potential to be used as biomarkers for earlier diagnosis, classifying disease severity, monitoring disease progression, and testing pharmacological interventions for OA. In OA patients, leptin, visfatin and resistin showed increased production whereas adiponectin showed decreased production. Leptin and adiponectin are far more studied than visfatin and resistin. Importantly, altered adipokine levels also contribute to a wide range of diseases. Further experiments are still crucial for understanding the relationship between adipokines and OA.
ABSTRACT. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis in the elderly. This disease is characterized by breakdown and loss of articular cartilage due to genetic, mechanical and environmental factors. Although the pathophysiology of OA is not completely known, several candidate genes have been reported to be associated with OA susceptibility. We assessed the association between genetic variation in the ADAMTS14 region and knee osteoarthritis susceptibility in the Thai population. The rs4747096 SNP was genotyped by PCR-RFLP on genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood of 108 OA patients and 119 controls. The PCR product (196 bp) was digested with BspEI. A sample with the GG genotype showed two band sizes of 158 and 38 bp, while a sample with the AA genotype showed a single band size of 196 bp. Heterozygotes with the AG genotype showed all three corresponding bands. Genotype distributions, allele frequencies and model of inheritance in patients and controls were compared. In females, the frequency of the AA genotype and the A allele were significantly higher in knee OA patients than in controls [odds ratio (OR) = 2.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05-7.59 and OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.00-2.45, respectively]. Moreover, genotypic AA and AG were associated with significantly increased risk for knee OA when compared to GG (OR = 2.72, 95%CI = 1.10-6.87). No significant associations were observed in males. In conclusion, the nsSNP rs4747096 in ADAMTS14 was associated with knee OA in female Thai patients; therefore, the role of ADAMTS14 in OA seems to be gender-dependent.
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