To provide better care to the people, who are living in rural areas and whoever in need of emergency medical care, it becomes essential to develop remote monitoring health care applications. Body Area Networks (BAN) that are formed with wearable or implanted wireless sensor devices will play an important role to achieve the above task. Since the communication in BAN is of short communication distance and higher data rate, the Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radio signals make themselves as the right candidates due to their inherent characteristics. This requires more research in design and development of UWB transceivers, especially for implantable biomedical devices. This paper proposes a UWB antenna design and a numerical channel model to predetermine the path loss characteristics of an onbody to in-body channel in UWB. The proposed model has been developed using ray tracing procedures and includes the antenna polarization and radiation pattern. In addition, the predicted results have been validated by measurements conducted with honey based liquid phantoms.
This article describes a new compact parasitic patch-loaded transparent patch antenna with a copper ground plane for wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) and 5thgeneration (5G) millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications. The proposed antenna uses two rectangular parasitic patches with a rectangular main radiation patch. The L-shaped strips are also added to the main radiation patch and one of the rectangular parasitic patches to cover both the sub-6 GHz and beyond 6 GHz mm-wave 5G frequency spectrums. The same transparent patch antenna with a solar ground plane is built, and its effect is parametrically studied alongside the integration of a polycrystalline silicon solar cell. The proposed antennas with a dimension of 42x30x2 mm23 are fabricated and experimentally validated for impedance and radiation characteristics. In terms of impedance bandwidth, the proposed copper ground plane antenna offers 36.89% (5.04-7.32 GHz), 5.15% (14.35-15.11 GHz), 6.23% (27.08-28.79 GHz), and 21.34% (31.64-39.81 GHz). The solar cell serves as both a photovoltaic generator and the ground plane of the transparent antenna. The same radiating patch with a solar ground plane offers impedance bandwidth of 36.03% (4.47-6.56 GHz), 14.4% (9.6-11.12 GHz), 2.55% (22.14-22.71 GHz), and 27.9% (28.79-39.05 GHz) for 5G applications.
Estimation of soil moisture using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter values, over agricultural area, is still difficult. SAR backscatter is sensitive to the surface properties like roughness, crop cover, and soil type, along with its strong sensitivity to soil moisture. Hence, to develop a methodology for agricultural area soil moisture estimation using SAR, it is necessary to incorporate the effects of crop cover and soil texture in the soil moisture retrieval model. A field experiment was conducted by the authors and used along with Sentinel 1A SAR data to estimate the soil moisture in the paddy agricultural fields. Generally, the water used for irrigation in the study region was obtained from ground water. As in the hot climate conditions ground water level would be reduced, and the water for irrigation must be supplied optimally. Hence, available soil moisture in the field was estimated from SAR data on the day of satellite passing the crop fields and utilized for deciding the amount of water to be supplied. The soil moisture values of soil samples that are collected from the agricultural field are calculated with the laboratory experiments. A soil moisture retrieval model is derived and proposed in this paper after a comparative analysis of experimental soil moisture values and satellite values. The feasibility of above model for paddy agricultural fields is validated using the field measurements.
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