A mathematical model has been developed that describes the transport of species across amorphous and single-crystal solid electrolytes during ac impedance experiments. The analysis is based on the multicomponent transport equation, and it includes not only the effects of ion-pairing reactions but also the possibility that a second, nonconducting phase is distributed through the electrolyte. Transient and steady-periodic equations for the low-frequency impedance are derived for concentrated binary and ternary electrolytes sandwiched between electrodes at which an electrochemical reaction takes place. General analytic expressions are presented which relate the characteristics of the impedance response to the diffusion coefficient(s) and transference number(s) representative of the solid ionic conductor. The results show that transient effects are usually small but that species interactions and activity coefficient corrections can significantly influence the steady-periodic impedance. Accurate information on reaction stoichiometries and the nature of the mobile species is a prerequisite for meaningful interpretation of the transport properties. With the model, consistency tests are established that help distinguish between dilute and concentrated electrolytes and also that indicate when the material should be treated as a four-species system rather than as a binary electrolyte. The utility of the approach is illustrated by comparing theoretical results with available experimental data for two solid polymer electrolytes.) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 129.170.195.149 Downloaded on 2015-01-02 to IP ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 129.170.195.149 Downloaded on 2015-01-02 to IP ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 129.170.195.149 Downloaded on 2015-01-02 to IP ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 129.170.195.149 Downloaded on 2015-01-02 to IP

Background: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is frequently considered as a benign disorder. We present an atypical form with cardiogenic shock that was managed by interventional cardiology measures. Case presentation: A 58 years old female patient with a past history of hypertension, obesity and multiple sclerosis was admitted at the Hospital Center of Montlucon for septic shock of urinary origin. During hospitalization in intensive care unit, the patient presented a markedly increasing of troponin levels with a diffused ST-segment elevation. Transthoracic Echocardiography showed an altered left ventricular ejection fraction at 35% with hypokinesia of apex and lateral ventricular segments in conjunction with compensatory hyperkinesis of the base; these findings were strongly suggestive of a diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Despite concomitant anemia, renal failure and sepsis, all adequately treated with complete remission, the patient developed frequent episodes of ventricular tachycardia that prompted an emergency coronarography. During this procedure, the patient presented a cardiogenic shock and bradyasystole that were successfully managed by intra-aortic balloon pumping and temporary transvenous pacing. Finally, there were no coronary lesions and ventriculography confirmed a Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Given the unstable hemodynamic status of this patient, she was addressed to the University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand for more specialized care.

We performed a situation analysis rooted in the literature findings, an overview of administrative documents, followed by the analysis of pre-hospital, hospital and post-hospital care. We also performed monitoring visits and interviewed a number of stakeholders, aiming to understand the current situation and identify the most important knowledge gaps, required for the development of policy and implementation of the holistic intervention plan. ResultsThe study identified numerous and strong deficiencies across the total care of road accident victims management spectrum. The results suggest that a broad-scope intervention is needed, although even smaller-scale effects on elements of total care may yield improvements in specific areas. We also detected a substantial need for more primary studies that can provide relevant data for policy. ConclusionThis study identified numerous problems, which need to be further explored and quantified, before a more systematic intervention can be applied across the country, aiming to reduce the negative health consequences of road accidents.Guiard Schmid J-B, Comte T, Ahmed Ouatarra S, et al. A situational analysis of the care of road traffic victims in Burkina Faso: a challenge to achieve sustainable development objectives.

A mathematical model has been developed that describes multicomponent transport in solid electrolytes that contain either three or four independent species. The treatment includes homogeneous reactions, short-time transients, and the effects of a co-continuous inert phase. Application of the model to low-frequency AC impedance experiments shows that accurate information on reaction stoichiometries and the nature of the mobile species is needed for proper interpretation of transference numbers and diffusion coefficients. A set of consistency checks for the impedance data is identified that helps distinguish between dilute and concentrated solid ionic conductors and between systems that should be regarded as four-species electrolytes rather than binary electrolytes.