In this study, the effect of Ti 4+ on the structure of nepheline glass (NaAlSiO 4) is investigated as SiO 2 is systematically replaced with TiO 2. Traditionally, TiO 2 is considered to be a nucleating agent for silicate crystallization but can also be incorporated into the glass network in relatively large amounts as either a glass former or modifier depending on its coordination with oxygen. To determine the effect of Ti 4+ on the structure of nepheline glass, X-ray and neutron pair distribution function (PDF) analysis paired with Empirical Potential Structure Refinement (EPSR) were conducted and are supplemented with Raman spectroscopy and Ti Kedge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (including Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure, EXAFS). Through these methods, it has been found that up to 15 mol% (16 wt%) TiO 2 can incorporate into the glass network as a primarily four-fold coordinated species, with a minor contribution of five-fold coordinated Ti as the TiO 2 content is increased. Between NaAlTi 0.1 Si 0.9 O 4 and NaAlTi 0.2 Si 0.8 O 4 , EXAFS suggests a local structure change in the second nearest neighbor, from a Ti atom to an Al atom. Raman spectroscopy also suggests that as Ti content increases, the Na environment becomes more ordered.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.