Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by a neurologic compression of the brachial plexus before it reaches the arm. Three anatomic areas are common locations for such an entrapment because of their congenital and/or acquired tightness: the interscalene triangle, the costoclavicular space, and the retropectoralis minor space. Because the compression level usually remains unknown, the treatment is still controversial and most teams focus on only one potential site. We propose an all-endoscopic technique of complete brachial plexus neurolysis that can be divided into three parts, one for each entrapment area. First, with a subacromial approach, the suprascapular nerve is released distally from the transverse ligament and then followed up to the upper trunk. Once the upper trunk is located, the middle and lower trunks are dissected in the interscalene triangle. Then, by use of an infraclavicular approach, the brachial plexus is released from the costoclavicular space by detaching the subclavian muscle from the clavicle. Finally, the pectoralis minor is released from the coracoid so that the brachial plexus is distally freed. This technique seems to be safe and reproducible, but expert knowledge of the neurovascular anatomy and advanced endoscopic skills are required.

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Arthroscopic Latarjet procedure is an efficient and reliable approach for the treatment of shoulder instability. Nevertheless, the screws fixing the bone block may sometimes be responsible for pain and uncomfortable snapping in the shoulder that is triggered during active external rotation. We propose an all-arthroscopic technique for screw removal in cases of complications involving the screws from a Latarjet procedure. The all-arthroscopic screw removal is reliable and efficient. This procedure is indicated in more cases than thought because of the bone block resorption. It permits a revision of the glenohumeral joint in case of persisting pain.

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This is a retrospective cohort study. The authors report surgical outcome in a series of very young children who underwent finger replantation after traumatic amputation. During a 10-year period, 65 children were treated with replantation for finger amputation in two institutions. This study focused on replantation of 15 fingers in 13 young patients under 6 years of age (mean age: 2.9 years; range: 1.1-5.7 years). Early postoperative complications were categorized into major or minor. At the time of assessment, the authors evaluated everyday life activities, pain and cold tolerance, total active range of motion (TAM) in patients with successful replantation, and growth disturbance. The overall success rate for children younger than 6 years was 47% (7 out of 15), and the authors had 67% of major complications, mainly in patients with crush injuries. There was venous ischemia in 13 (86%) fingers treated with controlled bleeding. The hemoglobin level decreased more than 2 g/dL in six patients, and blood transfusion was necessary in two patients. At the last follow-up, patients with successful replantation had a mean TAM of 72%. Despite numerous complications mainly in relation with venous congestion, the functional outcome is satisfactory after successful replantation in young children, which should always be attempted. Level III, case series, therapeutic study.