Acidentes ofídicos são considerados um problema de saúde pública. O Brasil é 3º país com mais casos de acidentes. O Ministério da Saúde do Brasil criou o Sistema de Informações de Agravos e Notificações (SINAN), possibilitando o acompanhamento dos casos para cada estado. Minas Gerais apresenta altos índices de acidentes ofídicos, o que pode estar relacionado a proporção de trabalhadores rurais e à considerável contribuição agropecuária ao PIB estadual. Assim, nosso objetivo foi avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes ofídicos no estado de Minas Gerais para servir como base para estratégias eficientes de diminuição de acidentes e no socorro às vítimas. Obtivemos dados de acidentes do SINAN ocorridos entre 2007 e 2019. Encontramos diferenças significativas entre os números de casos por ano, com aumento gradual dos registros, como também maiores registros de ocorrência nos meses chuvosos (janeiro a abril). As vítimas acometidas são, principalmente, homens, de 20 a 60 anos, perfil da maioria dos trabalhadores rurais. A alta porcentagem de cura das vítimas pode estar relacionada à agilidade do atendimento, como, também, ao fato da maior proporção de casos leves e moderados no estado. O gênero Bothrops apresentou maiores índices de acidentes seguido por Crotalus, Micrurus e Lachesis, respectivamente. As regiões com maiores índices de acidentes ofídicos estão associadas à maior população rural e à agropecuária, sendo o Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba e Norte de Minas com as maiores taxas de acidentes per capita e Zona da Mata e Oeste de Minas com menores taxas.

The total area of a habitat patch can increase the local species richness both directly (through balance between immigration and extinction) and indirectly (by increasing the habitat heterogeneity and/or as an effect of sample effort). More heterogeneous environments present a wider variety of resources and conditions, allowing species to coexist through niche differentiation. This study shows that the diversity of Chrysomelidae depends on the area and habitat structure of semideciduous forest remnants. We sampled 16 remnants with Malaise traps in August 2012 to March 2013. In order to characterize the habitat, the area, structural heterogeneity of the understory, coverage and canopy height were measured. These variables were used in a path analysis to determine their direct and indirect effects on leaf beetle diversity. A total of 450 specimens from 99 species and five subfamilies were captured. The total area and the understory heterogeneity presented a positive effect on species richness, while canopy cover exerted a negative one. The canopy height only had a negative and indirect effect on leaf beetle richness. In such fragments with more area and more open spaces, plant abundance and richness tend to be higher and favor the coexistence of many Chrysomelidae species.

RESUMOO nematoide de cisto da soja, Heterodera glycines, constitui-se em um dos principais entraves à produção de soja na região Nordeste de Mato Grosso do Sul. Após um período de uso do manejo recomendado para as áreas infestadas, observou-se a ressurgência de altas densidades populacionais associada a severos danos à cultura, mesmo com a utilização de cultivares resistentes, fato que conduziu à hipótese da ocorrência de mudança nas raças do nematoide. Assim, nas safras de 2006/2007 e 2007/2008, foram amostradas lavouras de 22 propriedades nos municípios de Água Clara, Chapadão do Sul e Costa Rica, com presença confirmada de altas populações de H. glycines. Após serem multiplicadas em soja cv. BRS 133 por até três gerações, as populações oriundas de cada amostra foram submetidas ao teste padrão para a determinação de raças, com a inclusão da variedade diferenciadora Hartwig, visando detectar eventual presença das raças 4 + ou 14 + . Detectou-se a presença de quatro raças, com predominância da raça 4 (72,73% das amostras), seguida das raças 14, 5 e 6 (18,19%, 4,54% e 4,54% das amostras, respectivamente). Conclui-se que não houve significativa alteração nas raças de H. glycines que ocorrem na região Nordeste de Mato Grosso do Sul. Palavras-chave: Glycine max, distribuição, manejo, nematoide de cisto da soja, variabilidade. ABSTRACT Races of Heterodera glycines in the Northeast of Mato Grosso do Sul, BrazilThe soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is one of the major constraint to soybean production in the Northeast of the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. After a period of recommended management of infested areas, the recent resurgence of high population densities and severe damage to soybeans, regardless of the use of resistant cultivars, has led to the hypothesis that nematode races could be changing. Thus, in 2006Thus, in /2007Thus, in and 2007Thus, in /2008 growing seasons, highly infested soil from 22 farms in the municipalities of Água Clara, Chapadão do Sul and Costa Rica were sampled. After being multiplied in soybean cv. BRS 133 for up to three generations, the SCN populations from each soil sample were submitted to standard test for the determination of races, adding the cultivar Hartwig as one of the differential hosts to eventually detect the possible presence of races 4 + or 14 + . Among the four races detected, the race 4 was predominant (72.73% of samples), followed by races 14, 5 and 6 (18.19%, 4.54% and 4.54% of the samples, respectively). There was no significant change in the races of H. glycines in the Northeast of the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil.

Fire is an important disturbance factor in shrublands, grasslands, and savannas. It alters the habitat of a multitude of species and, under natural dynamics, is a major determinant of landscape vegetation patterns. Here, we evaluate the effects of different wildfire regimes on the abundance of sun spiders in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone. To study how different fire regimes affect the number of individual sun spiders, we considered the frequency of fire occurrences in the last 20 years and classified locations as high frequency or low frequency. We also classified the time of the last fire in 2020 as occurring in the first or second half of the year. In addition, we compared the number of individual sun spiders before and after fire. We found no effects of fire frequency and period when the fire occurred in 2020, but the number of individual sun spiders was higher after wildfires. Although ground-dwelling are considered fire sensitive, some can employ strategies to tolerate fire so that they are able to not only survive, but also reproduce in fire-prone landscapes. Thus, we suggest that sun spiders are resilient, can explore sites under different fire regimes, and can be considered pyrophilous species.

Differences in species composition between sites (β diversity) may be the result of spatial species replacement (turnover) or nestedness (subgroups of species from a more diverse site). In fragmented landscapes, the environmental factors that lead to these differences may be spatially structured. Herein, our objective is to determine if the β diversity of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) is due to turnover or nestedness and whether the observed pattern is due to loss of forest cover or spatial processes in forest remnants immersed in a matrix dominated by intense agricultural practice. We used an incidence matrix of 99 species sampled from 16 forest remnants and found that the difference in species composition among the fragments is mostly determined by turnover and that this variation is not explained by forest cover or spatial variables. In regions where high habitat loss has generated landscapes containing small and islated forest fragments, structural features, related both to habitat (area, isolation, shape, etc.) and landscape (land use, landscape heterogeneity, etc.) could predict diversity patterns.