Aims:  To investigate the bacterial diversity, antimicrobial resistance patterns and types of beta‐lactamase genes in Gram‐negative bacteria isolated from a hospital sewage treatment plant. Methods and Results:  Between July and December 2008, we collected samples from influent, clarifier tank effluent and chlorine contact tank effluent from a sewage treatment plant service of a hospital located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Of the 221 isolates identified, 40% were characterized as extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) producers. Nonpathogenic micro‐organisms and some pathogenic genera were quantified. The most common ESBL‐producing isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli. The blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX‐M genes were detected in 82, 48 and 67% of bacterial isolates, respectively. Conclusions:  Results showed that hospital wastewater treatment plant is not suitable systems for the removal of all antibiotic‐resistant micro‐organisms present in hospital wastewaters. Significance and Impact of the Study:  This study provides evidence that bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics and their resistance genes that are usually present in the hospital can reach the environment, even after the use of hospital wastewater treatment plants.

No abstract

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) was first identified in Brazil in Enterobacter hormaechei and Providencia rettgeri in 2013. Here, we describe the first case of NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter baumannii sequence type 25 isolated from the urinary tract of a 71-year-old man who died of multiple complications, including A. baumannii infection. The NDM-1 gene was detected by quantitative PCR, and its sequence confirmed its presence in an ∼ 100-kb plasmid.

The study investigated the genetic relationship of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolated from inpatients during 2008-2011 from 11 Brazilian states. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined by disc diffusion method and Etest. Polymerase chain reaction was applied for carbapenemase genes, and ISAba1. Isolates were subjected to pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for molecular typing. Most of the isolates showed high resistance rates to antibiotics tested. The blaOXA-51-like gene was found in all isolates, and 146 (94.2%) isolates were positive for blaOXA-23-like. In the most OXA-23-producing isolates, the blaOXA-23-like gene was accompanied by ISAba1. A total of 146 OXA-23-producing isolates were clustered into 28 genotypes by PFGE. Molecular analysis by MLST identified 13 sequence types (STs). The most prevalent PFGE profiles were designated as ST15 (CC15), ST1 (CC1), and ST79 (CC79). This study showed the widespread of clonal complexes of A. baumannii harboring the blaOXA-23-like gene in different Brazilian states.

Carbapenem-hydrolysing b-lactamase KPC-producing isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae are a major problem and concern. The first KPC-producing isolate was K. pneumoniae from the USA, identified in 1996, with subsequent identifications in China, Europe, Israel, Central and Brazil. 1 The KPC b-lactamases, a mostly plasmid-