The advent of astronomy and modern physics -in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries -represented a milestone in Western thought. Its influence spread through several areas of knowledge, including the construction of classical economic thought throughout the eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries, and later in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in the construction of neoclassical economics. This work starts from the hypothesis that the equilibrium principle and the influences of classical mechanics acted as the observer's "lens of cognition" in classical liberal and neoclassical theories.Therefore, this dissertation proposed to look for some links between the physics and the economy as far as the ideas of balance and naturalness are concerned.Thus, the purpose of the dissertation is to present as this appropriation of elements of physics by the classic liberal and neoclassical school -through the ideas of balance and naturalness -, influenced the understanding of two central spheres of analysis in the economy, namely: the structure of production / competition and monetary relations.Seen this, we intend to present as the idea of balance and naturalness helped in the mold of the logos itself of these two schools of thought, with regard to understanding crises and economic expansion. That is, it is intended to demonstrate how these ideas interfere in the conception of capital accumulation of the classical liberal and neoclassical schools of economics.
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