Different stacking sequences due to polytypism in 2-dimensional few-layer GaSe were identified by Raman spectroscopy, HR-S/TEM, and theoretical calculations.
What is known and objective: Under-reporting is a major drawback of a voluntary adverse drug reaction reporting system in pharmacovigilance. However, little is known about facilitators and barriers to ADR reporting by healthcare professionals (HCPs) in developing countries. To investigate factors associated with adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among HCPs in Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 2091 HCPs was conducted in 2015 at 10 hospitals throughout Vietnam. The binary outcome was ever reporting ADRs. Healthcare professionals knowledge, attitude and practice about ADR reporting were measured. Multiple logistic regression analyses examined factors significantly associated with ever ADR reporting. Results: Overall, 29.3%, 2.2% and 68.4% of the sample were doctors, pharmacists and nurses, respectively. More than half (59.3%) had ever reported any ADR. Facilitators for ADR reporting were educational training (OR = 1.77, 95%CI = 1.42-2.22) and having better knowledge, such as awareness of ADR reporting regulation (OR = 1.63, 95%CI = 1.19-2.21), of reporting time (OR = 1.76, 95%CI = 1.35-2.29) and of necessary information in reporting form (OR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.53-2.45).Conversely, barriers to non-reporting were unknown of reporting procedure (OR = 0.27, 95%CI = 0.22-0.35), unavailability of reporting form (OR = 0.54, 95%CI = 0.42-0.68) and lack of time (OR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.46-0.74). What is new and conclusion: Given the low ADR reporting rate among HCPs, educational interventions to improve their knowledge and attitude should be prioritized in Vietnam. Additional interventions addressing obstacles (i.e. availability and complexity of reporting form, lack of time) should be considered to improve both the quantity and quality of ADR reporting.
Purpose
This study aims to explore how the inhibitor-loaded nanocontainers can be used in the epoxy coating for protection of steel against corrosion. A self-healing anticorrosive coating can be easily fabricated by embedding the inhibitor-loaded nanocontainers into the epoxy coating matrices. For this purpose, first, cerium (a catholic corrosion inhibitor) is encapsulated into silica nanoparticles (SiO2@Ce). Thereafter, an epoxy nanocomposite coating has been prepared on steel substrate using these SiO2@Ce nanoparticles as nanofillers.
Design/methodology/approach
To examine the effect of SiO2@Ce nanocontainers on mechanical properties of epoxy coating, the abrasion resistance, impact resistance and adhesion strength of coating have been evaluated. To reveal the effect of SiO2@Ce nanocontainer on corrosion behavior of epoxy-coated steel, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been conducted in NaCl solution.
Findings
Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy/Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses indicate that Ce3+ cations have been successfully loaded into the surface of silica nanoparticles (at the content of approximately 2 Wt.%). Mechanical tests of epoxy nanocomposite coatings indicate that the nanocomposite coatings with nanoparticles content of 2.5 Wt.% provide the highest values of abrasion resistance, impact resistance and adhesion strength. EIS results show that the presence of SiO2@Ce3+ nanocontainers increases both coating resistance and polarization resistance. Along with the improvement the coating barrier performance, Ce inhibitor plays an important role in improving the anticorrosive performance at the steel–electrolyte interface.
Originality/value
The application of self-healing epoxy/SiO2@Ce nanocomposite coatings for the protection of carbon steel is very promising.
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