A number of studies have indicated that short food supply chains could create economic, social, and environmental benefits, but most of those chains were implemented in developed countries. This research aims to find out the characteristics of short food supply chains and their benefits to small farmers in Vietnam, which is a developing country, based on the survey results from 338 small farmers in the third quarter of 2020, with the support of Stata 14 software. The results showed that the short food supply chains in the survey sample in Vietnam were characterized by two main actors: small farmers and distributors. Farmers could sell products flexibly at the local market. There was some initial evidence to prove that these chains helped to stabilize the input, output price, and revenue; formulated sustainable income; and increased the satisfaction and confidence of farmers. They eliminated gender discrimination in rural areas and improved livelihood for ethnic minorities. These chains also enhanced the mindset on green, organic, and clean production of farmers, which in turn created environmental benefits. COVID-19 has posed a negative impact on the income of farmers and made them change their production and sales method. Therefore, the research could suggest some policies to sustainably develop the short food supply chains in Vietnam in the future.
Apple Inc. is a global technology business headquartered in Cupertino, California. It is a leader in consumer devices, software, and internet services. Their success has been attributed to a variety of factors. One of them is the way Apple has created and captured values. The case study uses the 30 “elements of value” framework from Almquist, Senior, & Bloch (2016)’s outstanding paper “The Elements of Value: Measuring and Delivering What Consumers Really Want” to analyze the values that Apple has created and captured. Each element will be investigated on three components: “use value”, “exchange value”, and “value capture”. The results show that in the case of Apple, the most disguising values come from two products/services: (i) iPhone, and (ii) Apple App Store.
This study investigates the impact of informal competition on the innovation of Southeast Asian firms and the moderating role of female management in the informal competition–innovation nexus. In the Southeast Asian context, the informal sector employs around 78% of the working population, which is higher than the world average of 61% and the Asia-Pacific average of 68%. The analysis is based on firm-level data collected by the World Bank for eight Southeast Asian countries in 2015–2016. The quantitative analysis was conducted with the use of the multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression method to address the hierarchical/multilevel problem. Additionally, the potential endogeneity problem was taken into account with the use of the propensity score matching technique. The findings show that informal competition induces firms to increase their product and process innovations. Furthermore, female management is important in leveraging the positive effects of informal competition on innovation.
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