Optical time of flight (ToF) sensors has potentials in the revolution of distance measurement. These sensors can continously monitor the distance and track the object movement. However, the existed sensing methods for such distance optical sensors mainly calculate the flight time e.g., pulse transit and receive time without considering theenvironment effects. Therefore, the measurement accuracy is severely reduced. There areother technologies with higher accuracy in the distance measurement. Nonetheless, they are too expensive due to the high accurate power supply. In this paper, we innovatievely improve the accuracy in continous distance measurement using the artificial neural network (ANN) technique. The proposed method can be applied for very cheap optical distance sensors with analog output in a real-time system.. Moreover, the propose method can self-calibrate and be miniaturized for such cheap analog sensor applications. The prototype is built with the infrared sensor GP2Y0A02YK0F and Arduino control board (add the name of Adruino board), the ANN is implemented using the deep learning algorithm. The test results show that the distance measurement accurary is significantly improved and the measuring range is increased from 15 to 150 cm. Also, we calculate MSE, MAE, MBE, and R2 for further perfomance evaluation. The experimental results have proved the superior of the proposed ANN method in optical distance measurement. The proposed method can be applied for many types of sensors
Scanning acoustic microcopy (SAM) is widely used in biomedical and industrial applications in dermatology, ophthalmology, intravascular imaging, and small animal images, owing to SAM’s ability to photograph small structures with a good spatial resolution. One of the most important devices of this system is the pulser/receiver (P/R) (PRN-300, Ohlabs Corporation, Nam-gu Busan, Republic of Korea), which generates pulses to trigger a high-frequency transducer. This article presents the design of a pulse generator to excite high-frequency transducers with four channels. The characteristics of the pulses, such as time and frequency, can be reconfigured by using a high-speed field programmable gate array (FPGA). The configuration software was developed for communicating with the P/R device via a USB connector for easy, feasible pulse selection and real-time pulse management. Besides that, during the design and implementation of the hardware, we optimized the damping resistor value to reduce the overshoot and undershoot part of the signal, ensuring the best effect on the transducer signal. The test results show that unipolar pulses worked with transducers with frequencies over 100 MHz. The SAM systems can work simultaneously with multiple transducers, and the resulting images have different resolutions of regions.
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive therapy that uses focused ultrasound to treat a part of the tissue; high temperatures can damage tissues by heat. HIFU has many applications in the field of surgery and aesthetics and is used increasingly in everyday life. In this article, we discuss the mainboard design that controls the HIFU system with the ability to create a multistep sine wave compatible with many different applications. The signal used to trigger the transducer is a sinusoidal signal with a frequency adjustable from 0.1 to 3 MHz. In addition, the power supplied to the HIFU transducer is also controlled easily by the configuration parameters installed in the control circuit board. The proposed control and design method generates a voltage signal that doubles the supply voltage, thereby reducing the current on the MOSFET. The hardware design is optimized for a surface-mounted device-type MOSFET without the need for an external heat sink. In tests, we conducted a harmonious combination of two output signals to activate the same HIFU probe. The results showed that the energy transferred to the HIFU transducer increased by 1.5 times compared to a single channel. This means that the HIFU treatment time is reduced when using this method, with absolutely no changes in the system structure.
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