Background: Antibiotics administered incorrectly may result in detrimental consequences, such as prolonging treatment duration, causing adverse effects, or even increasing mortality. Similar to surrounding underprivileged urban medical institutions, the Drug and Therapeutics Committee (DTC) at Phong Dien district's health center (PDHC) is still struggling to attain rationality in keeping track of and evaluating hospital medication formularies. It is commonly believed that these lists directly impact the DTC's decisions on drug selection, distribution, and order for supply, as well as other inventory issues such as assuring quality and minimizing extra expenses. Objectives: The research aimed to examine the characteristics of the antibiotics list utilized at PDHC in 2019. Methods: From January to December 2019, we investigated 99 different medicines from 8 different antibiotic families in retrospective research. The acquired data were analyzed statistically using descriptive analysis. Results: Foreign medications accounted for 19.3% of pharmaceutical expenditure, whereas domestic medicine accounted for 80.7%. Regarding route of administration, ratios of oral medicines dominated others in quantity and cost (67.67% and 82.73%, respectively). It also revealed that 97.27% of the inventory budget was spent on generic medications compared to under 3% of brand-name ones. Additionally, single-component products (78.79% of items and 71.65% of total expense) were used more often than those with multicomponents. β-lactam was the most widely utilized group among the 8 studied groups, which accounted for 72.61% of the monetary allocation. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of antibiotics at the center was relatively adequate and followed the principle of drug consumption by the Ministry of Health (MOH) in drug utilization and prescription of antibiotics.
Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is a group of drugs commonly used to treat musculoskeletal diseases. However, according to statistics, up to 25% of long-term NSAID users had peptic ulcer disease, and 2-4% had gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation. Therefore, it is necessary to study preparations for external use to minimize these undesirable effects. Objectives: The cream containing ibuprofen 5% has been formulated with good physical characteristics and high bioavailability in the in vitro test based on the support of design and optimization software. Methods: According to the D–Optimal model, the formula models of cream containing ibuprofen 5% were designed with the different concentrations of oil phase, water phase, and emulsifier. The formulas of medicinal cream were prepared by direct emulsification method, then evaluated and compared to the criteria consisting of the phase separation, spreadability, and release of the active ingredient through cellulose nitrate membrane with a 0.45 µm pore size. Results: The formulation of the cream containing ibuprofen 5% with various components consisting of ibuprofen (5 g), cetyl alcohol (3.85 g), stearyl alcohol (1.54 g), beeswax (3.85 g), paraffin oil (10.77 g), span 80 (11.70 g), sodium lauryl sulfate (3.30 g), propylene glycol (59.90 g), and nipagin M (0.10 g). The results also showed that the product had good physical characteristics with no separation between the oil and the water phases, a spread area of 618 mm2, and the release of the active ingredient through the cellulose nitrate membrane at 0.209 mg/mL. Conclusion: The cream containing ibuprofen 5% was researched based on excipients of oil and water, making an emulsion structure stable and helping meet the foundational criteria according to the medicinal cream regulations.
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