In this study, several factors affecting Tetragenococcus halophilus CH6-2 cell survival rate in spray drying process including growth conditions, protective agents, and stress adaption were investigated. T. halophilus CH6-2, which was grown in different media, was mixed with different protective agents or at different ratios of cell concentration to protective agents or was subjected to stress adaption before spray drying. The survival rate after spray drying and after storage was determined. The results showed that skim milk had the strongest protective effect on T. halophilus CH6-2 cells during spray drying. De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) was a better medium than our developed M7 optimal medium for culturing T. halophilus CH6-2 in respect of survivability after storage. Increasing the cell/protective agent ratio from 1/20 to 1/3 could increase the survivability after spray drying but not during storage. The heat stress and osmotic stress in this study did not improve the cell survivability after spray drying and storage.
The adoption in Vietnam in 2020 of the "Law on mediation and negotiations in court" was a significant event, indicating the preservation and development of the legal and cultural traditions of the country, as well as the reasonable use of the experience of other states in the field of reconciliation of disputing parties. The named Law has a wide range of application. The purpose of the study is that the author gives an overview of the conciliation procedure in the Vietnamese courts, and carefully analyses individual issues, especially the problems arising from the lack of a unified approach to the procedure for recognizing the results of the conciliation procedure by court. The methodological basis of the study is the methods of consistency, analysis, and synthesis. The authors conclude that the introduction of mediation in court has brought many positive results: disputes and lawsuits have been successfully resolved and negotiated. The article provides a general overview of the mediation procedure in the Vietnamese court, and carefully analyses individual problems arising from the lack of a unified approach to the procedure for recognizing the results of the conciliation process by court.
Taxation and tax administration are an essential part of ensuring a country's stability and regular operation. The requirements for openness, transparency, modernity, reasonableness, and legitimacy poses challenges to the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches regarding taxation. This article analyzes the legal changes to taxation as a component of the administrative law associated with Vietnam's legal context. The methods used aimed to clarify the research problem, including analysis, synthesis, and comparison. The article's main research source is the Law on Tax Administration 2006 (called Law 2006) and the Law on Tax Administration 2019 (called Law 2019). This study confirms that progress has been seen in changes in tax administration regulations in Vietnam. Simultaneously, the law needs to consider two critical issues-the organization of tax administration agencies and tax disputes-when building a relationship between tax administration agencies and taxpayers.
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