Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with about 3,000 people km-2. Traditionally, aquaculture is practiced in ponds, reservoirs and urban lakes, rice fields, wastewater and VAC [an acronym from the Vietnamese words for garden (vuon), pond (ao) and livestock quarters (chuong)] systems. With over 5,000 ha of surface area and 3,000 ha of lowland rice fields, Hanoi has potential for further aquaculture development and tourism-entertainment services. The importance of aquaculture has long been recognized as a source of income and employment. Nowadays, pond aquaculture in peri-urban areas is decreasing due to urbanization, while in areas far from the city it is increasing through the conversion of lowland rice fields to fish ponds.

Hanoi is one of the two biggest cities in Vietnam and one of the most densely populated cities in the world with about 3,000 people km-2 and more than 1 million visitors annually. A large amount of aquatic animal products (AAPs) is required to feed them. These products include both marine and freshwater products. Marine products are mainly stored on ice while a small quantity is sold live or fresh. Freshwater products are sold live or fresh. The marine products come from the coastal provinces in north Vietnam. The freshwater products come from both Hanoi (10-20%) and neighbouring provinces (80-90%) such as Bac Ninh, Ha Tay, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Nam Ha, Phu Tho and Vinh Phuc. In Hanoi, AAPs are produced mainly in Thanh Tri district. Some special AAPs may come from Ho Chi Minh City, South Vietnam.

This datasheet on Aquaculture systems in Hanoi, Vietnam covers Identity, Overview, Case Study, Environmental Requirements, Growout Systems, Related Content, Further Information.

This datasheet on Market channels for aquatic animal products in Hanoi, Vietnam covers Identity, Overview, Case Study, Related Content, Further Information.

In this work, cellulose was successfully extracted from pineapple leaf waste by 0.75 M NaOH at 90oC and 5 M HNO3 at 70oC for 1.5 h and 5 h, respectively. The obtained cellulose fibres, with average diameters of 150-300 nm, were converted to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by esterification. The pure cellulose was soaked in a solution mixture of isopropanol and NaOH for 2 h. It was then reacted with chloroacetic acid (MCA) at 60oC for 1.5 h. The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation were found to be 5 g cellulose, 1.5 g MCA, and 15 ml 16% w/v NaOH. The obtained CMC had a high degree of substitution (DS) of 2.3. The properties of CMC were determined.