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In our previous work [17], we proposed a model-based combinatorial testing method, called FOT. It provides a technique to design test-models for combinatorial testing based on extended logic trees. In this paper, we introduce pair-wise testing (and by extension, n-wise testing, where n = 1,2,.. ) to FOT, by developing a technique to construct a testsuite of n-wise strategies from the test models in FOT. We take a "transformation approach" to realize this technique. To construct test suites, this approach first transforms testmodels in FOT, represented as extended logic trees, to those in the formats which the existing n-wise testing tools (such as PICT [9], ACTS [30], CIT-BACH [31], etc.) accept to input, and then applies transformed test-models to any of these tools. In this transformation approach, an algorithm, called "flattening algorithm", plays a key role. We prove the correctness of the algorithm, and implement the algorithm to automate such test-suite constructions, providing a tool called FOT-nw (FOT with n-wise). Further, to show the effectiveness of the technique, we conduct a case study, where we apply FOT-nw to design test models and automatically construct test suites of n-wise strategies for an embedded system of stationary services for real-use in industry.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV) is one of the most complicated and dangerous diseases in pigs with high mortality since it modulates the immune system of the lungs and has been closely associated with secondary infection of other lethal bacteria and viruses. The gold standard of molecular diagnosis for PRRSV, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, is time-consuming, expensive and requires transportation of samples to a specialized laboratory. In this study, a direct colorimetric RT-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method was developed to specifically and rapidly detect PRRSV. The RT-LAMP outcomes can be visualized by the naked eye after 45 min of incubation at 65˚C without any cross-reactivity recorded with the bacteria and other viruses tested. In particular, the mobile, non-instrumented, commercial pocket hand warmers were demonstrated to successfully provide constant temperature for consistent nucleic acid amplification throughout the RT-LAMP reactions. The limit of detection of the assay was defined as the genomic RNA concentration extracted from a known viral titer of 10 -2.5 TCID 50 /ml. The direct use of clinical serum samples required a simple dilution to maintain the performance of the colorimetric RT-LAMP assay. Therefore, the direct colorimetric RT-LAMP assay developed is well-qualified for producing a ready-to-use kit for PRRSV diagnosis in the field.

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