Cervical cancer can be prevented by having regular screenings to find any precancers and treat them. The Pap test looks for any abnormal or precancerous changes in the cells on the cervix. However, the manual screening of Pap smear in the microscope is subjective with poorly reproducible criteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a computer-assisted screening system for cervical cancer using digital image processing of Pap smear images. The analysis of Pap smear image is important in the cervical cancer screening system. There were four basic steps in our cervical cancer screening system. In cell segmentation, nuclei were detected using a shape-based iterative method, and the overlapping cytoplasm was separated using a marker-control watershed approach. In the features extraction step, three important features were extracted from the regions of segmented nuclei and cytoplasm. RF (random forest) algorithm was used as a feature selection method. In the classification stage, bagging ensemble classifier, which combined the results of five classifiers—LD (linear discriminant), SVM (support vector machine), KNN (k-nearest neighbor), boosted trees, and bagged trees—was applied. SIPaKMeD and Herlev datasets were used to prove the effectiveness of our proposed system. According to the experimental results, 98.27% accuracy in two-class classification and 94.09% accuracy in five-class classification was achieved using the SIPaKMeD dataset. When the results were compared with five classifiers, our proposed method was significantly better in two-class and five-class problems.
O 7 was obtained. It was shown that partial substitution of Zr, Ti, and Sn(IV) for each other allows reducing the sintering temperature.In searching for materials for reliable immobilization of highly active nuclear power plant wastes (HAW), the problem of utilizing HAW with a high actinoid content has recently become especially important. This is due to the development of methods of separating HAW into fractions to immobilize them in matrices of the optimum composition. In one of the fractions obtained, the mass content of actinoids consists of tens of percent. Actinoid-containing HAW are also formed in conversion of weapons-grade plutonium [1].High capacity with respect to radionuclides and chemical and radiation stability are the basic requirements for actinoid immobilization matrices. Compounds with the crystal structure of pyrochlore [2], in particular, REE zirconates and titanates, are considered promising materials for actinoids. Another important criterion for assessing matrix material is the technological effectiveness, i.e., the efficiency of industrial production. Uniaxial molding followed by sintering is one widespread method of matrix synthesis as it is distinguished by simplicity of equipment and low costs in comparison to other methods (for example, hot molding or induction melting). However, synthesis of Ln 2 Zr 2 O 7 from the initial oxides requires a long time (tens of hours) and high temperatures (over 1500°C) [3].We know that using metal hydroxides or thermally unstable salts as the initial compounds allows significantly reducing the solid-phase synthesis temperature.We obtained and investigated the properties of a ceramic based on gadolinium zirconate, titanate, and stannate and mixed zirconate-titanate, zirconate-stannate, and titanatestannate compositions. The interest in obtained mixed compositions is due to the attempt to decrease the sintering temperature of pyrochlore ceramics in partial reciprocal substitution of Zr, Ti, and Sn(IV).A modified method based on thermal decomposition and calcinations of polyacrylamide gel containing metal salts was selected as the method for manufacturing the initial powders for synthesis of the ceramic [4]. The initial compounds were previously prepared solutions of gadolinium nitrate, zirconyl nitrate, Sn(IV) citrate, and nitric acid solution of Ti(IV) peroxide complex. Acrylamide was added to the mixed solution of metal salts and mixed until totally dissolved. The total concentration of metals in the solution obtained was 100 g/liter and the concentration of acrylamide was 250 g/liter. To eliminate the interfering effect of oxygen on radiation-induced polymerization of the acrylamide, the surface of the solution was covered with melted paraffin.The solutions were irradiated in a RXM-g-20 gamma unit for 24 h (GIK-7-2 cobalt sources of g radiation, dose rate of 0.15 Gy/sec). During irradiation, radiation-induced polymerization of acrylamide took place with formation of polyacrylamide gel containing the metal salts in its pores.The gel was pyrolyzed in a t...
The results of the comparative study of the effect of the method for structured packing pretreat ment (CY type Sulzer packing and rolled ribbon screw packing) on the effectiveness of mass exchange in the course of hydrogen isotope exchange in water rectification and its phase isotope exchange (PIE) are given. The latter process is used for the removal of tritiated water vapors from gases and its difference from rectifi cation involves that the irrigation density of packing by water is 50-150 times less under other comparable process conditions. This difference leads to the fact that, for the packings prepared from stainless steel, the coefficient of mass transfer ratio for two boundary cases, namely, its preliminary flooding by water or launch of column with dry packing, is nearly 50 for PIE and 2 for rectification. The use of CY type Sulzer packing for PIE process prepared from oxidized copper yields that this ratio for PIE becomes identical with rectifica tion. Based on the obtained results, the recommendations for the optimization of PIE column startup are given.
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