Abstract
Introduction
Several electrodes can be used in standard full-field electroretinography (ERG). However, there are no standard values for Indonesians yet. Therefore, this research aims to establish normal values, to compare them and to compare comfort levels using DTL, Dencott and Jet electrodes in Indonesian adults.
Method
Through convenient sampling, 58 normal Indonesian subjects, age 19-49 years old were selected. ERG amplitudes and implicit time values were measured according to recommendations by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). Evaluations consisted of scotopic 0.01, 3.0, OP and photopic 3.0 flicker. After examination, all subjects filled in a questionnaire about comfort levels, adopted from the visual analog scale.
Result
We observed a statistically significant difference in ERG normal values between electrodes with higher wave amplitudes and longer implicit times in Dencott and jet electrodes, compared to DTL electrodes. Jet and DTL electrodes are more comfortable than Dencott electrodes for Indonesian adults in standard full-field electroretinography.
Conclusion
DTL electrodes give the lowest wave amplitudes and the shortest implicit times and are the most comfortable electrode compared to Dencott and ERG jet electrodes, in standard full-field electroretinography in Indonesian adults.
Keywords: electroretinography, Dencott, DTL, Jet, electrode
Objective: To demonstrate the clinical course of hypertensive chorioretinopathy in preeclampsia. Case Report: Here we present a case of 27-year-old pregnant female of fulminating pre-eclampsia who presented with blurred vision. Eye examination revealed the vision was 3 meters finger-counting. Fundoscopy showed decreased retinal arteriole-to-venule ratio, intraretinal hemorrhages and cotton-wool spots. She responded to preeclampsia protocol treatment with improved vision and fundoscopy showing resolved intraretinal hemorrhages and fading Elschnig's spots. Conclusion: The outcome of hypertensive chorioretinopathy in preeclampsia is excellent with risk factor control.
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