Macrophage-specific expression of the apoA-IMilano gene is more effective than wild-type apoA-I in reducing atherosclerosis and plaque inflammation despite comparable circulating levels of the transgene and lipid profile.
Mezlocillin is a new semisynthetic penicillin that inhibited 71% of the isolates of Serratia marcescens, 67% of Escherichia coli, 50% of Enterobacter spp., and 49% ofKlebsiella spp. at a concentration of 12.5 ,ug/ml. It is also active against both indole-positive and -negative Proteus spp. and gram-positive cocci, except penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. At a concentration of 100 ,mg/ml, it inhibited 94% of the isolates ofPseudomonas aeruginosa. It is more active than ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cephalothin against some gram-negative bacilli.Gram-negative bacilli continue to be a major cause of infection in hospitalized patients. This is especially true among patients with malignant diseases and patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy (3,4). Often these patients do not respond, despite the in vitro susceptibility of the etiological organism to the antibiotic utilized (1). Consequently, there is a continuing need for the development of new antibiotics. The ureido-penicillins are an interesting group of semisynthetic penicillins that have broadspectrum activity against gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2). Figure 1 shows the chemical structure of mezlo- Washington, D.C., 332, 1975). This report presents the results of in vitro studies of mezlocillin, which indicate that it may be a potentially useful antibiotic. MATERIALS AND METHODSSusceptibility tests were conducted on 556 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and 88 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci, using the dilution technique with an automatic microtiter system (Canalco, Autotiter instruction manual). All organisms were inoculated into Mueller-Hinton broth (Difco) and incubated at 37°C for 18 h. For gram-negative bacilli, a 0.05-ml sample of a 10-3 dilution of this broth culture (approximately 105 colony-forming units [CFU]/ml) was used as the inoculum. For gram-positive cocci, a 0.05-ml sample of a 10-2 dilution of this broth culture (approximately 106 CFU/ ml) was used as the inoculum for susceptibility testing.All gram-negative bacilli used in this study were cultured from blood specimens obtained from patients between 1967 and 1975. The patients were hospitalized at this institution and had underlying malignant diseases. A total of 100 isolates each ofP. aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia coli, 98 isolates ofProteus spp., 69 isolates of Serratia spp., and 89 isolates of Enterobacter spp. were used. All gram-positive cocci used in this study were cultured from specimens obtained from hospitalized patients, most of whom did not have cancer. A total of 22 isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes, 14 isolates of S. pneumoniae, and 62 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were used. The susceptibility of isolates of S. aureus to penicillin G was determined by the broth dilution method. Isolates inhibited by less than 0.10 ,ug/ml were selected as penicillin G susceptible, and those isolates resistant to more than 25 jug/ml were selected as penicillin G resistant.Mezlocillin ( broth, and the minimal in...
A radioimmunoassay for vancomycin has been developed which uses rabbit antiserum induced by vancomycin-bovine serum albumin conjugates and vancomycin labeled with 3H or 125I. Using either isotope, the method is simple and reproducible and has a sensitivity of 4 or 0.04 ng/ml, depending on the tracer used. This is 200- to 20,000-fold improvement in sensitivity compared with the most sensitive bioassay. Drug levels in serum or urine samples from patients receiving vancomycin can be determined by this assay procedure without processing. The data obtained with 3H and 125I labels were in good agreement. Patients' plasma vancomycin concentrations determined by radioimmunoassay correlated well with those determined by bioassay when the drug was administered intravenously. However, after oral administration the drug could be detected only by radioimmunoassay. The antiserum was evaluated for cross-reactivity with a wide variety of antibiotics and cancer chemotherapeutic agents, and no significant interference was found.
Sodium 6{D(-)-a(4-hydroxyl-1,5 naphthyridine-3-carboxamido)phenylacetamido} penicillanate (PC-904) is a new semisynthetic penicillin with broadspectrum activity against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. At a concentration of 1.56 ,ug/ml, it inhibited 100% of isolates of Proteus mirabilis, 89%o of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 67% of Escherichia coli, and 45% of Enterobacter spp. At a concentration of 12.5 ,ug/ml, it inhibited 75% ofKlebsiella spp. and 67% of Serratia marcescens. PC-904 failed to inhibit the growth of gramnegative bacilli when large inocula were used. Some differences were noted when organisms were tested in different media or at different hydrogen ion concentrations. It is more active than mezlocillin, azlocillin, ticarcillin, carbenicillin, and amoxicillin against E. coli, Klebsiella spp., and P. aeruginosa.Modifications of the penicillin molecule have led to important advances in antibiotic therapy. Ampicillin broadened the spectrum of penicillins to include some gram-negative bacilli, includingEscherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The synthesis of carbenicillin resulted in a penicillin with antipseudomonal activity (1). Since then a variety of new semisynthetic penicillins has been investigated. Sodium 6 {D(-)-a(4-hydroxyl-1,5 naphthyridine-3-carboxamido)phenylacetamido} penicillinate (PC-904) is a new penicillin whose chemical structure is shown in Fig. 1. This report presents results of in vitro studies of PC-904 which indicate that it may be a potentially useful new antibiotic. MATERIALS AND METHODSSusceptibility tests were conducted on 496 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and 113 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci, using the dilution technique with an automatic microtiter system (Canalco, Autotiter instruction manual). All gramnegative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus isolates to be tested were inoculated into Mueller-Hinton broth (Difco) and incubated at 370C for 18 h. Streptococcus pyogenes and S. pneumoniae were incubated in tryptose phosphate broth. For gram-negative bacilli and S. aureus, a 0.05-ml sample of a 10-3 dilution of this broth culture (approximately 105 colony-forming units [CFU]/ml) was used as the inoculum. For other gram-positive cocci, a 0.05-ml sample of a 10-2 dilution of this broth culture (approximately, 106 CFU/ml) was used as the inoculum for susceptibility testing.All gram-negative bacilli used in this study were cultured from blood obtained from patients between 1971 and 1976. The patients were hospitalized at The M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute and had underlying malignant diseases. A total of 100 isolates each ofPseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and E. coli, 60 isolates ofProteus spp., and 36 isolates ofSerratia spp. were used. All gram-positive cocci used in this study were cultured from specimens obtained from hospitalized patients, most of whom did not have cancer. A total of 36 isolates ofS. pyogenes, 14 isolates ofS. pneumoniae, and 48 isolates ofS. aureus were used. The susceptibility of is...
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