Secondary building units (SBUs) are molecular complexes and cluster entities in which ligand coordination modes and metal coordination environments can be utilized in the transformation of these fragments into extended porous networks using polytopic linkers (1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, 1,3,5,7-adamantanetetracarboxylate, etc.). Consideration of the geometric and chemical attributes of the SBUs and linkers leads to prediction of the framework topology, and in turn to the design and synthesis of a new class of porous materials with robust structures and high porosity.
Employing theranostic nanoparticles, which combine both therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities in one dose, has promise to propel the biomedical field toward personalized medicine. This review presents an overview of different theranostic strategies developed for the diagnosis and treatment of disease, with an emphasis on cancer. Herein, therapeutic strategies such as nucleic acid delivery, chemotherapy, hyperthermia (photothermal ablation), photodynamic, and radiation therapy are combined with one or more imaging functionalities for both in vitro and in vivo studies. Different imaging probes, such as MRI contrast agents (T(1) and T(2) agents), fluorescent markers (organic dyes and inorganic quantum dots), and nuclear imaging agents (PET/SPECT agents), can be decorated onto therapeutic agents or therapeutic delivery vehicles in order to facilitate their imaging and, in so doing, gain information about the trafficking pathway, kinetics of delivery, and therapeutic efficacy; several such strategies are outlined. The creative approaches being developed for these classes of therapies and imaging modalities are discussed, and the recent developments in this field along with examples of technologies that hold promise for the future of cancer medicine are highlighted.
The combination of terbium nitrate and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H 2 BDC) in the presence of triethylamine yields the compound Tb 2 (BDC) 3 ‚(H 2 O) 4 , which has an extended nonporous structure constructed from copolymerized BDC and Tb(III) units. The multidentate functionality of BDC and the tendency of Tb to have a high coordination number has allowed water to act as a terminal ligand to Tb in the structure. Upon thermally liberating the water ligands, a microporous material, Tb 2 (BDC) 3 , is achieved, which has extended 1-D channels and the same framework structure as that of the as-synthesized solid as evidenced by XRPD. Water sorption isotherm data proves that Tb 2 (BDC) 3 has permanent microporosity, and points to the presence of accessible metal sites within the pores, which also allows the sorption of ammonia to give Tb 2 (BDC) 3 ‚ (NH 3 ) 4 . Luminescence lifetime measurements confirm that resorbed water and sorbed ammonia are bound to Tb and that they give distinctly different decay constants.
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