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The caloric regulation of food intake of normal human subjects on a liquid diet was investigated. In an initial experiment 8 subjects failed to compen-; sate for changes in the caloric density of a preload (.25-1.8 kcal/ml) by adjusting meal size within one meal or from one meal to the next. In a second experiment 15 subjects were required to ingest nothing but the liquid diet for 10-21 days. They were given ad-lib access to a standard liquid diet (1.0 kcal/ml) for 4-9 days followed by 4-14 days on a diluted diet (.5 kcal/ml). Nine subjects failed to regulate their caloric intake in the time allowed. Six subjects compensated dramatically for the caloric dilution by increasing both meal size and meal frequency. Regulation was slow to occur (2-5 days) and was usually not perfect (mean level of 87%). The results are discussed in the light of work with animals and man on the mechanisms controlling regulation of food intake.