This study shows that the recurrence of varicose veins after surgery is not uncommon. However, the clinical condition of most affected limbs remains improved. Progression of the disease and neovascularisation are responsible for more than half of the recurrences. Rigorous evaluation of patients and assiduous surgical technique might reduce recurrence due to technical and tactical failures.

Specific geometric parameters in AAA models in the presence of ILT could serve as potential predictors of elevated PWS. PWS correlated significantly with the maximum diameter and the degree of centreline tortuosity. Centreline tortuosity may become a useful addition to maximum diameter in the decision-making process of AAA treatment.

In about half of patients with unilateral varicosities, CVD developed in the contralateral initially asymptomatic limb in 5 years. CVD progression consisted of reflux development and clinical deterioration of the affected limbs. Obesity, orthostatism, and noncompliance with ESU were independent risk factors for CVD progression, but ET and multiparity were not. Maintenance of a normal body weight, limitation of prolonged orthostatism, and systematic ESU may be recommended in patients with CVD to limit future disease progression.

In current clinical practice, aneurysm diameter is one of the primary criteria used to decide when to treat a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). It has been shown that simple association of aneurysm diameter with the probability of rupture is not sufficient, and other parameters may also play a role in causing or predisposing to AAA rupture. Peak wall stress (PWS), intraluminal thrombus (ILT), and AAA wall mechanics are the factors most implicated with rupture risk and have been studied by computational risk evaluation techniques. The objective of this review is to examine these factors that have been found to influence AAA rupture. The prediction rate of rupture among computational models depends on the level of model complexity and the predictive value of the biomechanical parameters used to assess risk, such as PWS, distribution of ILT, wall strength, and the site of rupture. There is a need for simpler geometric analogues, including geometric parameters (e.g., lumen tortuosity and neck length and angulation) that correlate well with PWS, conjugated with clinical risk factors for constructing rupture risk predictive models. Such models should be supported by novel imaging techniques to provide the required patient-specific data and validated through large, prospective clinical trials.

treatment of femoropopliteal disease can be based upon duplex alone in the great majority of cases. However, where there is disease in the aortoiliac segment, or where infrapopliteal revascularisation is long considered both duplex and angiography should be performed to maximise pre-operative information.

Though SNI may occur after both restricted and total GSV stripping, this does not influence limb disability since any related symptoms seem to regress in almost half of the limbs 5 years postoperatively. Additionally, it seems that recurrence could be reduced in the tibial area if the level of GSV stripping complies with the extent of the ultrosonographically proven GSV reflux. Therefore, the extent of GSV stripping should not be guided by the intent of avoiding SNI.

CBA shows high immediate technical and midterm clinical success in symptomatic iliac artery ISR.

The sites of PWS in AAAs should not always be considered as the sites most prone to rupture since other factors, such as wall strength, may play a role in rupture-risk prediction, depicting the need for further investigation of these parameters.