CHA PTE R 2. THE SCIE NTIF IC AND ECO NOM IC MEAN ING OF BIOD IVER SITY ae Biodi versi ty Genet ic Variat ion Taxon omic Variat ion Ecosy stem Variat ion Ecolo gical Funct ions or "Ecose rvices " The Matri x of Biodi versi ty 2.2 Biolo gical Reso urce s CHA PTE R 3. STA NDA RDS /NO RMS FOR BIOD IVER SITY 3.1. Genet ic Norm s 3.2 Norm s for Speci es, Gene ra and other Taxa 3.3 Ecos yste m Norm s 3.4 Funct ion Norm s, or "Ecos ervic es" of Orga nism s and Ecos yste ms 3.5 Norm s of the Abiot ic Matri x CHA PTE R 4. ANAL YSIS OF ECOL OGIC AL FUNC TION S 4.1 Prim ary Prod ucti on 4.2 Oxyg en Prod ucti on 4.3 Herb ivor y 4.4 Carn ivor y 4.5 Popul ation Mode rati on 4.6 Nutr ient Tran spor t (by Indiv idual Orga nism s) 31 4.7 Seq ues ter ing of Car bon Dio xid e 31 4.8 See d and Spo re Disp ersa l (Pla nts) ; Mig rat ion (An ima ls) 31 4.9 Con tro l of Soil Eros ion 32 4.10 Sym bio sis 32 Nitr ogen Fixa tion 33 Mych orrh izal Asso ciat ions Poll inat ion 33 Biol umin esce nce 34 4.11 Soil Crea tion and Sed ime nt Biot urba tion ae 34 4.12 Mod era tio n of Mac roand Mic roc lim ate 35 4.13 Dec omp osi tio n (Pr ima ry & Sec ond ary Detr itiv ory) 35 4.14 Mai nte nan ce of 3-D Stru ctur es 36 4.15 Com mun ica tio n 37 4.16 Foo d Web s (Tr oph ic Stru ctur e) ; 37 4.17 Bio geo che mic al Nut rie nt Cyc lin g (Ec osy ste m and Eco sph eri c Scal e) 38 4.18 Mai nte nan ce of Gen eti c Dive rsit y 39 4.1 9 Stab ilit y 40 Conn ecte dnes s 40 Red und anc y 40 Gene rali st Beha viou r 41 Keys tone Spec ies 41 Trop hic Comp lexi ty 4 Comp lexi ty of Comm unit ies 41Fire 4.20 Com mun ity Succ essi on 4 4.21 Har mon y 42 4.22 Con clu din g Com men ts CH AP TE R 5. TAX ONO MIC AND ECO LOG ICA L STA TUS OF CAN ADA 'S BIO DIV ERS ITY 44 5.1 Tax ono mic Cen sus vill mn Wo 5.4 ae 5. 6 oe 5.8 9 5.1.1 Viruses 5.1.2 Bacteri a (Kingd om Procary otae) 5.1.3 Algae and Protozoan s (Kingdom Proctista) 5.1.4 Fungi (Kingdom Eumycota) 5.1.5 Higher Plants (Kingd om Plantae ) 5.1.6 Animals (Kingdom Animalia) Conservatio n Status of Species and Populations by Category 5.2.1 Extinct, Threatened and Vulnerable Species 5.2.2 Endemics: Species, Populations and Genes * Hu ma n Po pu la ti on an d Bi od iv er si ty * Pu bl ic Va lu at io n o f Bi od iv er si ty * St ra te gi es an d Ac ti on Pl an s fo r Bi od iv er si ty Co ns er va ti on ° De ve lo pi ng a Li fe Qu al it y Va lu at io n Me th od ol og y 7.2.2 Biolog y Option s * Ecolog ical Resear ch * Organi zation of Taxono mic Science at Ottawa * Nationa l Taxonom ic Biodive rsity Invento ries * Effects of Pollutio n on Biodiver sity and Biologic al Resource s * Protected Areas and Biodiversi ty * Ecoregions as a Means of Conversing Biodiversit y * A Unified System of Ecologica l Zones * Endange red and Threaten ed Species * Biodiversit y and Internation al Trade in Wildlife * Understanding Marginal Populations * Introductions and Ecological Impacts of Exotic Species * Common Data Bases for Ex Situ Collections * Conservation of Threatened and Endangered Species in Zoos, Game Farms, and Botanical Gar...
Chromosome counts are reported for 76 taxa and 2 natural hybrids of tribe Senecioneae (Compositae). First counts are reported for several species of Senecioneae as well as for the genera Cadiscus and Whitneya. New chromosome numbers are added to those previously known in Arnica, Cacalia, and Senecio. Additional counts from Arnica support our previous suggestion that x = 19 for this genus. It is assumed that observed meiotic irregularities are associated with apomixis in this genus. Basic chromosome numbers for various New World sections of Senecio are proposed, and certain problems of sectional relationships in this genus are discussed. Chromosome numbers and plant morphology of Cadiscus, Hulsea, and Whitneya indicate that these genera should be removed from Helenieae to Senecioneae. The possible affinity of the anomalous genus Adenocaulon with Mutisieae is discussed. Data presented in the paper further support our earlier proposal that the basic chromosome number for Senecioneae is x = 10.
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