In this paper, we use the Domar aggregation approach to study the evolution of Brazil’s productivity growth from 2000 to 2014, thus allowing us a disaggregated assessment of the issue. We found that the Brazilian economy’s overall performance is the outcome of a decrease in the economy’s density, as defined by the existing backward and forward connections amongst industries in intermediate inputs chains. It also can be explained by the poor performance of its sectors. Despite the relatively high density of the manufacturing sector, it performed a negative role concerning aggregate productivity growth both directly and indirectly. Directly insofar as that sector had negatives productivity growths during the period under consideration, and indirectly due to its high interconnection, which spread negative rather than positive productivity gains across the economy. Therefore, to improve the Brazilian economy’s poor performance, it is mandatory to restore the manufacturing sector’s capability to yield and spread productivity gains.
O progresso técnico de um país contribui para o crescimento econômico e para a variação de sua estrutura produtiva. Uma análise multissetorial da evolução da produtividade dos setores econômicos demanda medidas que deem conta de toda sua cadeia produtiva, permitindo capturar o efeito de propagação de progresso técnico entre os setores, fato comumente ignorado em medidas convencionais. Com efeito, este trabalho pretende avaliar a produtividade total do trabalho no Brasil, entre 2000 e 2018, a partir do arcabouço teórico dos subsistemas, que considera o trabalho direto e indireto demandado por dado setor, advindos dos outros setores e de si mesmo, para atender à demanda final. Diante disso, nota-se que os setores industriais apresentam encadeamentos produtivos mais robustos, mas que vêm apresentando baixas taxas de crescimento de produtividade e perda na composição dos empregos no país. O setor agrícola, por outro lado, apresentou taxas de crescimento da produtividade elevados, o que indica alta competitividade, mas com sensível redução de requerimentos de mão de obra, tanto diretos quanto indiretos. Embora este setor tenha menos encadeamentos produtivos, ele ajudou a propagar progresso técnico para os demais setores que adquirem seus produtos como insumos, direta ou indiretamente.
In this paper, we use the Domar aggregation approach to study the evolution of productivity growth in Brazil from 2000 to 2014, thus allowing us a disaggregated assessment of the issue. We found that the overall performance of the Brazilian economy can be explained not only by the poor performance of its sectors but also in terms of diminishing industrial density, with fewer backward and forward connections amongst industries in terms of chains of intermediate inputs. Besides, despite the relatively high density of the manufacturing sector, it performed a negative role concerning aggregate productivity growth both directly and indirectly. Directly insofar as that sector had negatives productivity growths during the period under consideration, and indirectly due to its high interconnection, which spread negative rather than positive productivity gains across the economy. Therefore, to improve the poor performance of the Brazilian economy, it is mandatory to restore the capability of the manufacturing sector of yielding and spreading productivity gains.
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