The kidney has a crucial role in blood clearance, homeostasis maintenance, and waste product elimination. Through renal arteries, the blood enters the kidney where it is passively filtered in the glomeruli, followed by selective reabsorption of between 70% and 100% of the substances in the pre-urine, including water, amino acids, electrolytes, and glucose by proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) via numerous transport systems. 1 PTEC are cuboidal, mononuclear cells with apical-basal polarization and densely microvilli covered brush borders on the apical side, a typical morphological feature distinguishing PTEC and distal tubular cells. 2 PTEC are also responsible for
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