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BACKGROUND: Accuracy studies of biophotogrammetry protocols require standardization similar to radiography. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of a biophotogrammetric assessment protocol for cervical hyperlordosis, compared to radiography, and its intra- and inter-examiner reliability for measuring the cervical lordosis angle. METHODS: A study of diagnostic accuracy in women complaining of cervical pain. Two photos were taken using the CorelDraw biophotogrammetric protocol and one radiograph using the Cobb C1-C7 method. The Intra- and Inter-examiner reliability was calculated using the Kappa index and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Bland-Altman plot and the ROC curve were presented. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 19 women. The accuracy of biophotogrammetry was 94.73% and the reliability between biophotogrammetry and radiography presented an ICC of 0.84 and a Kappa of 0.87. The excellent intra (ICC = 0.94) and inter-examiner (ICC = 0.86) reliability of the biophotogrammetry was confirmed. The area under the ROC curve was 93.5%. The Bland-Altman plot indicated differences between the two instruments close to the mean (1.5∘). CONCLUSION: The biophotogrammetric protocol proved to be accurate in diagnosing cervical hyperlordosis, with excellent reliability between the biophotogrammetric and radiographic assessments. It also demonstrated excellent intra- and inter-examiner reliability in measuring the cervical lordosis angle.

Purpose The current context of the COVID‐19 pandemic has demonstrated the need for home exercise strategies for the relief of neck pain, which, in recent times, has increased. However, there is a gap regarding home exercises that are aimed at reducing neck pain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop, validate and culturally adapt a home exercise protocol for neck pain. Methods This was an observational study conducted in three stages: (1) Developing an online search of databases for articles on neck pain exercises. (2) Validating a panel of 12 physical therapists, using the Delphi technique, and (3) Cultural adaptation, through face‐to‐face assessment with individuals aged 18–30 years with neck pain (n = 15). This resulted in the production of a final version of the protocol. Consensus on the protocol items (using the five‐point Likert scale) was considered when the percent agreement was equal to or greater than 75%. Individuals were also asked about pain intensity during the last week before and after performing the protocol. Results A protocol was developed with the principles of neck and scapular stabilization and upper limb movements, for a period of 4 weeks. Nine physical therapists completed two rounds online, and all items in the second version of the protocol presented an agreement of over 75%. The protocol was culturally adapted by the target population, in which 73% of individuals presented pain reduction with a minimally clinically important difference. Conclusion A 4‐week home exercise protocol was created based on the best evidence in the literature, was validated by physical therapists and adapted for the population with neck pain. It proved to be an understandable, useful, practical and convenient tool in the treatment of this disorder and demonstrated an improvement in neck pain. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04187001).

BACKGROUND: The multifidus muscle plays a major role in the growth and postural control of children. Therefore, the reference values of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lumbar multifidus muscle represent an important tool for assessing muscle development and the early monitoring of musculoskeletal disorders. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide percentile scores for the CSA of the lumbar multifidus muscle in eutrophic children aged 5 to 10 years. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, observational study, involving 736 children. An anthropometric assessment was conducted and ultrasound (US) imaging was used to assess the CSA of the lumbar (vertebral level L5) multifidus muscle. The CSA was expressed as percentile scores. RESULTS: The CSA in the boys ranged from 1.8 cm2 to 5.3 cm2 and in girls from 1.9 cm2 to 5.9 cm. The CSA in the 50th percentile scores of both sexes was 3.4 cm2. There was an increase in the CSA between 5 and 7 years old in both sexes. The CSA presented a greater variance in girls than in boys. After 8 years of age, the multifidus CSA increased in girls and decreased in boys. CONCLUSION: The present study has provided percentile scores for the CSA of the lumbar multifidus muscle for eutrophic children aged 5 to 10 years. An increase was observed of the CSA of the multifidus muscle between the ages of 5 and 7 years and there were no differences in the CSA percentiles in relation to sex. An increase in the CSA after 8 years of age was only observed in the girls.

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A carne de ovino possui alto valor proteico e baixo teor lipídico, o que a torna um produto relativamente saudável. A mortadela está presente na mesa do brasileiro com uma frequência considerável, devido ao seu baixo valor de mercado e capacidade de suprir a necessidade proteica dos consumidores. Dessa forma, foi elaborada uma mortadela com base de carne de cordeiro, um produto alimentício não existente no mercado. Então, foram realizadas análises físico-químicas para caracterizar a mortadela produzida, análises microbiológicas para garantir a segurança da mortadela e análises sensoriais a fim de aferir a resposta dos consumidores potenciais. Todos os elementos da composição centesimal, umidade, cinzas, proteína, gordura e carboidratos ficaram dentro da especificação. O pH (5,69), a atividade de água (0,958), e os teores de sódio (843 mg/100g) e de potássio (437 mg/100g) foram condizentes com dados da literatura. A textura instrumental foi obtida em termos de dureza (12,49 e 11,88 N), coesividade (0,79), elasticidade (4,93 mm) e mastigabilidade (48,68 N.mm). A oxidação lipídica ficou dentro do aceitável até 28 dias após a abertura da mortadela. Essa mortadela produzida obedeceu aos requisitos microbiológicos de Salmonella Sp., Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens e Estafilococos coagulase positiva para comercialização e consumo, além de possuir aceitabilidade e intenção de compra similar à mortadela tradicional por parte do público. Assim, o estudo foi capaz de produzir um gênero alimentício incomum dentro dos parâmetros legais e com aceitabilidade similar às mortadelas tradicionais comercializadas.