The recent spread of African swine fever (ASF) in the People's Republic of China and neighbouring countries in Asia has had significant economic consequences with an estimated direct cost of $55-$130 billion. This pandemic, originally detected in Republic of Georgia in 2007, has devastated the swine industry in large geographical areas of Southeast Asia with 14 countries reporting ASF outbreaks since the first documented case was confirmed in the city of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, on 3 August 2018. In the absence of any available vaccines, the control of ASF relies on the detection and culling of infected animals. The United States Department of Agriculture recently developed a recombinant experimental vaccine candidate, ASFV-G-ΔI177L, by deleting the I177L gene from the genome of the highly virulent pandemic ASFV strain Georgia, which efficaciouly protects pigs from the parental virus. Here, the initial studies were extended demonstrating that ASFV-G-ΔI177L is able to protect pigs against the virulent ASFV isolate currently circulating and producing disease in Vietnam with similar efficacy as reported against the Georgia strain. Comparative studies performed using a large number of pigs of European and Vietnamese origin demonstrated that a minimum protective dose of 10 2 HAD 50 of ASFV-G-ΔI177L equally protects animals of both breeds. In concurrence with those results, the onset of immunity in these animal breed showed appearance of protection in approximately one-third of the animals by the second week post vaccination, with full protection achieved by the fourth week post vaccination. Therefore, results presented here demonstrated that ASFV-G-ΔI177L is able to induce protection against virulent Vietnameese ASFV field strains and is effective in protecting local breeds of pigs as efficiently as previously shown for European cross-bred pigs. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the efficacy of a Georgia 2007 based vaccine candidate in Asian breed of pigs or challenged with an Asian ASFV strain.
The aim of this study is to elucidate the structure and investigate the hypolipidaemic activity of a fucoidan extracted from brown seaweed Sargassum henslowianum collected at Hai Van-Son Cha peninsula, Hue province, Vietnam by using tandem electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that the fucoidan has α(1 → 3)-linked L-fucopyranose backbone and sulphate groups occupied mostly at C-2, C-4 and sometimes at C-3 position of fucose residues. The results of in vivo bioactivity examination revealed that the fucoidan in the dose of 100 mg/kgP/day by oral administration helped decrease cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels on obese mice.
We extracted ulvan from the green seaweed Ulva reticulata collected from the Nha-Trang bay, central coast of Vietnam. The ulvan is composed of rhamnose, galactose, xylose, mannose, and glucose with molar ratio Rha:Gal:Xyl:Man:Glu = 1:0.1:0.11:0.01:0.21, uronic acid content of 19.3 wt %, and sulfate content of 14.3 wt %. Chemical structure determination using NMR and ESI-MS techniques showed that ulvan is composed of mainly two disaccharides β-d-GlcAp(1→2)-α-l-Rhap and α-l-IdoAp(1→4)-α-l-Rhap. Branching point is at O-2 of uronic acid. Sulfate groups were attached at C-2, C-3, and C-4 of the rhamnose residues.
Antioxidant activities and total phenolic content of ethanolic extract of 41 marine algae species including red, brown and green algae from central coast of Vietnam were evaluated. The extract of Sargassum polycystum, Chnoospora implexa, Chnoospora minima demonstrated great DPPH radical scavenging activity with EC50 values (0.08, 0.2; 0.26 mg dry extract/L; respectively), extract from Dictyota dichotoma was found to be highest total antioxidant capacity (19.6 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry seaweed) and Sargassum microcystum exhibited highest ferric reducing activity (23.1 mg Fe 2+ equivalent/g dry seaweed). We found that only green algae showed a linear correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activities.
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