PurposeThe aim of the paper is to formally test that physical exhaustion is distinguishable from work exhaustion, and to investigate common as well as differential correlates of each type of exhaustion.Design/methodology/approachAn on‐line survey sample of 1,895 complete‐data massage therapists and body workers (MT & BWs) was used to test the study hypotheses.FindingsFactor analytic support was found for distinguishable measures of work exhaustion and physical exhaustion. In separate regression models common significant correlates for both types of exhaustion included: gender (females higher), higher surface acting, higher accumulated and continuing education occupational costs, and lower job satisfaction. However, job satisfaction had a significantly stronger negative correlation to work exhaustion versus physical exhaustion. Looking at impact on occupational outcomes, physical exhaustion had a stronger positive correlation to being forced to stay in occupation than work exhaustion, but work exhaustion had a stronger positive correlation to intent to leave occupation than physical exhaustion. Unique correlates for work exhaustion included more years in practice and lower education level, while unique correlates for physical exhaustion included: more average days worked/week, higher deep acting, and higher occupational identification.Research limitations/implicationsFrom a measurement perspective, the three‐item measure of physical exhaustion and five item measure of work exhaustion each had a good reliability. However, ideally more items should be used to measure physical exhaustion, and other work exhaustion scales should be utilized to validate the results. Expanding the job demands‐resources framework to also include occupational‐level variables, such as accumulated costs, seems to hold promise for helping to further understand the antecedents of exhaustion.Practical implicationsWork and physical exhaustion can impact on occupational outcomes and are risks for other samples such as nurses, home health care aides, physical therapists, and athletic trainers. Many MT & BWs work alone and meditation is suggested as an effective method to improve job satisfaction, reduce work exhaustion and decrease occupational intent to leave.Originality/valueThe paper uses a sample of massage therapists and body workers and overall the findings suggest that work exhaustion and physical exhaustion are related but distinct exhaustion components.
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The exploratory qualitative research study relied on 32 available literatures from 1983 to 2008 to explore the outsourcing risk to the supply chain management infrastructure within the context of an alliance relationship in which the multinational corporation’s manufacturing is outsourced to Vietnam business partners. The paper attempted to define the impact of the <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (</span>FCPA) legislation governing the United States’ Multi National Corporations (MNC), roles of culture, ethicality, and social responsibility principles in assessing and mitigating global risks. The paper discussed ethical leadership behavior in risk management. In addition, the paper presented strategies to integrate a r<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">elational exchange </span>model and Cost-of-Risk Analysis (CORA) two-step process for cost-benefit evaluation for mitigating global supply chain management risks. The paper also highlighted financial risk management strategies using a net present value (NPV) of at least zero to embark on expenditure streams. Recommendations, summary and conclusion were also presented. </span></span></p>
This paper introduces a Lean Innovation Model for transforming an organization into one that leverages innovation for economic value. The model intends to address two main questions: 1) what are the best innovation transformation approaches for an organization to leverage innovation and 2) how can an organization effectively unleash its untapped innovation capability to increase economic value? How the model works, its constructs, and how it can affordably be implemented will be described. Relationships between the conceptual model and the requisite culture, process, and infrastructure needed for an organization to produce economic value from innovation will be explored.
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This paper is based upon a research study conducted to determine the significance of managerial leadership practices in a corporation’s transformation during the period from 2004 to 2006. The study attempted to discover how business-IT fusion enhances organizational performance. The study answered two questions: how managerial leadership practices effectively advance business-IT fusion of an inclusive and collaborative organization and how business-IT fusion affects risks and profitability. The intention of this study was to contribute to the field of management of information technology grounded on propositions involving organizational development roles, IT governance, and collaborative organizations. Triangulated inquiry from documents and a survey of 24 participants who included 2 women and 22 men comprising a chief information officer, 7 functional managers, 8 project managers, and 8 engineers of a corporation in the northeastern United States confirmed the propositions. The findings indicated that horizontal integration has begun in transition from being separate toward becoming collaborative. This paper will reveal how disparate images that are subculture bound could be enhanced by collaborative and integrative leadership practices. Moreover, the horizontal integration of common financial and technical applications allows work to be transferred across different locations, thus reducing risks and increasing return on investment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This paper will present a collaborative and integrative model integrating organizational development roles, IT governance, and relationship management across organizational settings for transforming effective business-IT fusion.</span></span></p>
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