Reliability is a key aspect of power system design and planning. This work aims to evaluate and improve the reliability of a power distribution network in Baghdad city. The minimal cut set method has been adopted for reliability evaluation. Evaluating the reliability requires calculating and evaluating a set of reliability indices. In this research, the reliability indices are calculated for Al_Mansour 11kV distribution network in Baghdad city. According to these indices several improvements have been proposed and simulated on the network as follows: Adding N/C manually switches in the network for isolating fault area and restoring the service to the remaining parts. Adding N/O manually switches to interconnect feeders and provide alternative supply. Replacing the manually switches by remotely controlled or fully automated switches with fault indicators to reduce interruption times. Replacing the overhead lines by underground cables to reduce the fault rates. The software CYMDIST version 7.1 has been used as a tool for the simulation of the distribution network and performing the required analysis.
The main challenge of present distribution networks is the huge increase in demand for electricity especially in city center where the demand is increasing vertically for the same geographical area. This work presents the analyses of 5-Mail distribution network in Basra City/Iraq with conventional system 33/11/0.416 kV, at future load by estimating the increase in load 10 years later. The network is analyzed in terms of voltage drop, power losses, and the feeder loading. To improve the network the 33/11/0.416 kV system is re-analyzed at the expected future load using the optimal reconfiguration of the network or adding capacitor placement to reduce losses and voltage drop. The results of these methods are compared with the results of the network re-analyzed using the proposed 33/0.416 kV system at future load. The results show that the proposed method of upgrading the voltage level of distribution network is the best solution. The GIS software is used to locate the distribution transformers and lying of the underground cables. CYME software is used to simulate the electric distribution system and conduct the load flow and other analyses.The GIS software is used to locate the distribution transformers and lying of the underground cables. CYME software is used to simulate the electric distribution system and conduct the load flow and other analyses.
Harmonics in current and voltage waveforms produced by nonlinear loads in a distribution system can be minimised using passive filters; however, implementing these filters requires the calculation of several suitable parameters for filter components. This work aimed to simulate and analyse the harmonics in the Al-Itihad 11 kV distribution system that branches off from Zubayr substation (33/11 kV) in Basra in Iraq using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Five non-linear loads were simulated to generate harmonics in the simulated Al-Itihad distribution system, and for each non-linear load three types of filters were tested: a single tuned filter (STF), double tuned filter (DTF), and C-type filter. The objectives of these filters to minimise the total harmonic distortion (THD) in the voltage and current waveforms, to minimise the total current, and to improve the power factor of the distribution system. The simulation results showed a reduction in total harmonic distortion, a reduction in the current at the main distribution feeder, and an improvement in the power factor of the feeder.
Photovoltaic Generators (PVGs) are one of the popular renewable energy sources (RESs), which achieve 47% of RES in microgrids. The main components of the proposed system are: (i) a PVG considering extremum operating conditions, the irradiance change is 400-1000 W/m2 and the temperature change is 25-60 °C; (ii) a DC-DC boost converter used for regulating the variable DC-link voltage via an inner voltage-loop controller (iii) a single-phase H-bridge inverter controlled by an outer current-loop controller for implementing the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm at grid side; (iv) an inductive power filter for improving the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid current. In this paper, the grid current is controlled to follow the maximum power point (MPP) current considering the losses when transferring the DC power to the grid. Two current-loop controllers are implemented, which are: (i) hysteresis current controller (HCC) and PI current controller (PICC). The proposed design is validated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the simulation results show significant improvement in power quality, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the output grid current is less than 2% and the power factor is close to unity.
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