This review article provides a detailed overview of pyrene containing colorimetric and fluorometric chemosensors based on different binding mechanisms which fulfill the criteria of affinity, selectivity and sensitivity.

A controllable regioselective approach to achieve dipolar functionalization at the active sites (1,3-positions) and K-region (5,9-positions) of pyrene is demonstrated. Following this strategy, a set of dipolar 1,3-diphenyl-5,9-di(4-R-phenylethynyl)pyrenes were synthesized and systematically investigated by 1 H/ 13 C NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, electronic spectra, as well as by theoretical calculations. Especially, by adjusting the substituents at the 5,9-positions of pyrene, the pyrene-based dipolar molecules 4 exhibit tunable optical properties with a wide emission band from blue to orange-red.

Synthesis of highly flexible calix[3]benzofurans; effects of substituent groups on calix[3]benzofuran conformations were studied by DFT computational methods.

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Novel [n]benzofuranophanes (n = 8 & 10) 2a-b have been prepared by successive intramolecular cyclization from 5,19-di-tert-butyl-8,22-dimethoxy[n]metacyclophane-1-yne (syn-1a-b) by treatment with BBr 3 in CH 2 Cl 2 at room temperature for 8 h.[2.n]Benzofuranophanes 2a-b were also obtained by treatment of 1,2-di-endo-bromo-5,19-ditert-butyl-8,22-dimethoxy[n]metacyclophane (meso-3a-b) with BBr 3 in CH 2 Cl 2 by using same reaction condition. 1 H NMR spectra of 2a-b reveals the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl proton with the oxygen of furan moiety and X-ray analysis shows that the length between H (OH) and O (furan) are 1.981 and , respectively. The conformation of [8]benzofuranophane 2a in solution is rigid and restricted rotation around the diaryl linkage rather than [10]benzofuranophane 2b because of weak intramolecular hydrogen bonding and short length of cross-linking chain.

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We herein present four highly fluorescent and stable D-π-D monomers (2), which were designed and synthesized using different types of aryl substituent as the donor via a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. We have studied these four symmetrical chromophores by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy both in solution and the solid state. This research shows that the introduction of the aryl groups can effectively extend the conjugation length of thiophene chromophore resulting in a shift of the wavelength of the absorption and fluorescence emission and an improvement of the fluorescence quantum yields. The notable optical features of their solid-state powders also exhibited a distinct red-shift in comparison with the emissions of their dilute solutions. These results combined with the theoretical calculations (B3LYP/6-31G*) indicate that these systems are promising candidates in the fabrication of organic electroluminescence devices.

PF74 (1) is a potent and well-characterized prototypical small molecule targeting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) capsid protein (CA), but not a viable antiviral lead due to the lack...