Soil macroarthropods are organisms considered as key factors to sustain soil quality and sustainability due to their services to soil ecosystem. The community structure and seasonal variation of soil macroarthropods in 5-year cultivation of green manure plant species in the Brazilian semi-arid, Areia, Paraiba, Brazil were investigated between June and December 2018. Soil samples and macroarthropod specimens were collected using soil cores and Provid-type traps, respectively, during rainy and dry seasons. We characterized both soil chemical properties and macroarthropod community under ten green manure plant species: Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. cv. Basilisk, Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC, Crotalaria juncea L., Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don, Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet, Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC., Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn.) J.A. Lackey, Pennisetum glaucum L., and Stilozobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy. The highest values of richness, diversity and dominance in the macroarthropod community during the rainy season were found on the plots where C. spectabilis and M. pruriens were cultivated, whereas during the dry season the highest values were found in the plots where C. ochroleuca, C. spectabilis, and S. aterrimum were cultivated. In the plots where B. decumbens and P. glaucum where cultivated, we found lower values of richness, diversity, and dominance in the macroarthropod community compared to the leguminous plant species during rainy and dry seasons. Our findings suggest that: 1) green manure practice and seasonality changed soil macroarthropod community, trophic structure, and ecological processes in semi-arid conditions; and 2) abundance of predators, ecosystem engineers, decomposers and herbivores was promoted by plant species from Fabaceae family. The results highlight the importance to consider plant species from Fabaceae family as habitat and food resources for soil fauna community.
O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento da fava (Phaseolus lunatus L.) mediante diferentes níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação e diferentes doses de adubação potássica. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brasil. Foram utilizadas três condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (0, 0,3 e 6,0 dS m-1), três doses de adubação fosfatada (0; 30 e 60 kg de K2O). Foram analisadas: altura de planta e número de folhas, massa fresca da parte aérea da planta, massa fresca da raiz, massa seca da planta e massa seca das raízes. De acordo com os resultados foi observado que a adubação potássica induziu o aumento do número de folhas, no tratamento com 60 Kg ha-1. O incremento na sodicidade acarretou decréscimo de produção no nível de 6 dS m-1. A melhor produção de fava foi obtida com a dosagem 30 kg ha-1 K2O. Visto que, o incremento da salinidade da água de irrigação inibe o desenvolvimento fenológico da fava, pois dificulta a absorção do potássio pelas plantas, uma vez que esse nutriente é essencial para a produção de fitomassa. Dessa forma é possível concluir que, a água de irrigação salina com condutividade elétrica de 0,3 e 6,0 dS m-1 inibe o desenvolvimento fenológico da fava. A dose de 30 t ha-1 de potássio favoreceu o incremento da massa da matéria fresca e seca da fava.
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