The species Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) is a mosquito inhabiting urban regions, with a wide geographical distribution. This species is involved in the transmission of lymphatic fi lariasis in the Americas, particularly in Brazil. C. quinquefasciatus is of great importance in public health as it creates administrative and public challenges for the control of mosquito vectors 1 . Synthetic insecticides have been widely used to control mosquito vectors of disease in various parts of the world; however, resistance to these insecticides has recently become problematic in vector control programs. Moreover, the continuous monitoring of mosquito populations may play an important role in attempting to develop management strategies that will prevent or minimize the development of resistance to pesticides, as well as to develop new products to combat insects 2 . Thus, the use of biological products is an alternative approach for preventing the development of resistance in mosquitoes.Plants are a source of bioactive compounds that have insecticidal properties and therefore may be suitable for mosquito control 3 . Phytoextracts have previously been shown to be successful in various biocontrol programs, and essential The species Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil., belonging to the Solanaceae family, is popularly known as lobeira and is widely distributed in the Brazilian cerrado 6 . It is widely used in traditional medicine as a sedative, in the treatment of epilepsy, asthma, diabetes, obesity, for the reduction of cholesterol levels, and for abdominal and renal pain 7 .To our knowledge, for the fi rst time, we show the larvicidal activities of the extracts and fractions obtained from the green fruits of S. lycocarpum against C. quinquefasciatus.The green fruits of S. lycocarpum A. St. Hil. were collected in the City of São Sebastião do Oeste, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in August 2011. The plant material was identifi ed by Dr. Alexandre Salino, and a voucher specimen (BHCB 159397) was deposited at the Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Herbarium, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Methanol was used as solvent to obtain the extract from 170.01g of dried and powdered green fruits, using a Soxhlet extractor. The extract was then concentrated in a rotary evaporator at 50°C under reduced pressure to yield the methanol extract (MET, 14.53g). Some of this extract (6.82g) was dissolved in MeOH/H 2 O (1:1) and then partitioned successively with hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate (Vetec®, São Paulo, Brazil; 100 mL, twice with each solvent), yielding 0.09, 0.23, 0.34, and 5.50g of hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (AC), and hydromethanolic (HM) fractions, respectively. The extract and fractions were screened for the presence of different phytoconstituents such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, triterpenes, coumarins, and fl avonoids Culex quinquefasciatus larvae were obtained from a laboratory culture, as previously described by Gerberg 9 . Both the third and...
. Diante disso, a busca por inseticidas naturais vem ganhando um enorme impulso depois da descoberta dos efeitos indesejáveis dos inseticidas sintéticos aos ecossistemas 5 . As plantas são fonte de moléculas com ação fagoinibidora, repelente, inseticida, além de substâncias capazes de alterar o desenvolvimento de insetos. São capazes também de produzir substâncias para sua própria defesa em resposta ao ataque patogênico de outros organismos. Muitas plantas também sintetizam e emitem inúmeros compostos voláteis com a finalidade de se defender e de atraírem seus polinizadores 6 . Portanto, atualmente, os extratos de plantas surgem como objeto de pesquisa, e vem sendo estudados como alternativa no manejo integrado de pragas. Os escassos estudos sobre o potencial inseticida, para a grande maioria das espécies, é fator determinante na necessidade do desenvolvimento de pesquisas para a descoberta de novas alternativas. Por conseguinte, é evidente a importância da busca por produtos de origem vegetal que tenham o poder larvicida, sendo capazes de controlar a densidade dos mosquitos adultos e de exterminar as larvas 3 . Produtos naturais extraídos de plantas constituem fonte de substâncias bioativas compatíveis com programas de manejo integrado de pragas. Dessa forma, pode ser um forte aliado a outros métodos de controle de insetos, mantendo o equilíbrio ambiental, sem deixar resíduos químicos, sem ação tóxica aos animais e ao homem, reduzindo os efeitos negativos ocasionados pela aplicação descontrolada de inseticidas organossintéticos 7 . O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a atividade da fração acetato de etila obtida do fruto verde de Solanum sp., nas concentrações de 200 mg/L, 50 mg/L e 12,5 mg/L, frente a larvas de Culex quinquefasciatus.
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