This study demonstrates SMSs are acceptable, cost-effective, and feasible in supporting diabetes care in the challenging, resource-poor environment of modern-day Iraq. This study is the first in Iraq to demonstrate similar benefits of this technology on diabetes education and management to those seen from its use in better-resourced parts of the world. A randomized controlled trial is needed to assess precise benefits on self-care and knowledge.

During viral infection, tight regulation of CD8 + T-cell functions determines the outcome of the disease. Recently, others and we determined that the natural killer (NK) cells kill hyperproliferative CD8 + T cells in the context of viral infection, but molecules that are involved in shaping the regulatory capability of NK cells remain virtually unknown. Here we used mice lacking the Fc-receptor common gamma chain (FcRγ, FcεRIγ, Fcer1g –/– mice) to determine the role of Fc-receptor and NK-receptor signaling in the process of CD8 + T-cell regulation. We found that the lack of FcRγ on NK cells limits their ability to restrain virus-specific CD8 + T cells and that the lack of FcRγ in Fcer1g –/– mice leads to enhanced CD8 + T-cell responses and rapid control of the chronic docile strain of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Mechanistically, FcRγ stabilized the expression of NKp46 but not that of other killer cell–activating receptors on NK cells. Although FcRγ did not influence the development or activation of NK cell during LCMV infection, it specifically limited their ability to modulate CD8 + T-cell functions. In conclusion, we determined that FcRγ plays an important role in regulating CD8 + T-cell functions during chronic LCMV infection.

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Re-exploration is recommended if no response is achieved after four day's conservative treatment for or if the patient's condition is critical.

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